Whispering Woods Dragon Lore Course
Lesson Seven
A History of European Dragons
In the mythology of the western world, dragons were thought to abduct maidens, wreak havoc on the populace, steal gold and destroy villages. Unlike its counterpart in the East, Western dragons were seen as symbols of destruction and evil. This could be related to the un-due influence that the Christian invasion has had on the Western mind set where everything is seen as good versus evil.
Heraldic: The Heraldic is probably the most well known western Dragon. The Heraldic has dangerous fangs, four legs complete with claws, and a ridge of sharp spines that run from its head to its tail tip.
Guivre: The Guivre was both legless and wingless, and appeared somewhat serpent-like in appearance. Its head had horns and its jaw was bearded. It favored any location near water.
European: These types of dragons are found in the pages of early Greek, Roman, Norse, and medieval legends. They had wings, two or four legs, and depending on the type color can vary. They were believed to breathe fire. Sadly, many Europeans considered the dragon to be evil and malevolent, however, the Greeks held the idea of the Dragon as a Guardian Serpent.
Some examples of these dragons are:
Fafnir: A Norse dragon who was guardian of the treasure later known as the Nibelung hoard.
Hydra: Some argue that Hyrda was a dragon, others argue not. Hydra had several heads, the center one was said to be immortal. (When one of the hydra’s heads was cut off two grew in its place) It was said to haunt the marshes of Lerna near Argos. The destruction of the hydra was one of the twelve labors of Hercules.
Wyvern: The Wyvern was a feared Dragon of Britain, for the Europeans believed it to be evil and vicious. It had a coiling trunk that had a pair of birds-type legs which were tucked beneath its wings.
Tatzlwyrm: A winged, fire-breathing dragon.
Apocalyptic beast – (Biblical, Most likely Middle East). This is a creature mentioned in the Book of Revelation in the Bible. It has two horns, speaks like a dragon, and bears the mystical number of the devil.
Cecrops ~ {Greek} the mythical founder of Athens; first king of Attica; represented as half human, half dragon; credited with inventing writing and establishing marriage and burial customs. .
Draco (Greek). Draco is a constellation in the north containing the star of the north pole of the ecliptic. Legend states this constellation was named after the Athenian statesman and lawgiver Draco or Dracon.
Fafnir (Norse mythology) a dragon and guardian of the treasure later known as the Nibelung hoard.
Hydra (Greek mythology) A gigantic monster resembling a dragon with several heads (usually nine, though the number varies), the center one of which is immortal. It is said to haunt the marshes of Lerna near Argos.
The destruction of the hydra was one of the 12 labors of Hercules. When one of the hydra’s heads was cut off two grew in its place.
Leviathan (Bible, Job ix, 13 and Isa. xxvii, 1) A Hebrew name for a sea monster. It was also a dragon of turmoil which contested against God.
Tatzlwyrm (Germanic legend) it was said to be a winged, fire-breathing dragon monster.
Wyvern (U.K.) A winged, two-legged dragon with a barbed tail. The wyvern often appears on heraldic shields and symbolizes guardianship.
Jormungand (Norse Legend) The world serpent that dwelled at the bottom of the sea,and that encircled the whole world.
It was to rise against the gods at Ragnarok, helping the Fenris Wolf and Surt,and the other enemies of the gods, to destroy both Asgard and Midgard.
Dragon Symbols:
Wales is symbolized by a red dragon. In the Mabinogion the tale of Lludd and Llewelys speaks of the struggle between this red dragon and the white dragon.
It was long ago in the days of the Saxon invasions that this story takes place and it is no wonder that the white dragon is the invader, the Saxons, come to battle the red. As the symbolic struggle comes to a close, the two opposing dragons become drunk with mead.
It is in this drunken state that they are both buried in a large stone coffin and placed to rest in the center of the island of Britain.
The story goes that so long as the pair remains buried beneath Oxford the island will be protected from invasion.
Saint George is known as a Martyr and the Patron Saint of England. He was originally a Roman Calvary officer who was known for his courage in war. He was a mighty site on his white war-horse.
He eventually converted to Christianity, and to show the people that Christians did not have to be meek, he sought out to fight a dragon that was destroying the area around Cappadocia.
The people of the town tried to calm the beast with sacrifices of their best sheep. This worked for a while, but then the dragon attacked again. The poor people had to give up what they thought would rid the animal of their town: a virgin princess. George killed the dragon with the lance he had in his hand while charging with his huge steed.
Because of this heroic deed, other Christian Knights sought out to save damsels in distress from dragons, and this is how dragons eventually got slaughtered into being just a myth.
Quiz:
1. Leviathan is a _________ name for winged, fire-breathing dragon monster.
2. Wales is symbolized by a ____ _______.
3. Fafnir is a _______ dragon.
4. Wyvern is a winged, ___ – ______ dragon with a barbed tail.
5. Many Europeans considered the dragon to be ____ and ________.
6. Jormungand is the _____ _______. 7. Hydra is said to haunt the marshes of ______ near Argos.
Author & Researcher: Crick
Website: The Whispering Woods
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