WHICH WITCH ARE YOU? FIVE WAYS TO HARNESS THE CRAFT c. 2019

WHICH WITCH ARE YOU? FIVE WAYS TO HARNESS THE CRAFT

 

Witchcraft seems like a particularly buzzy topic these days, with books, blogs, and more delivering ancient magic to a modern audience. But while stylized Tarot cards and light-catching crystals have their place, the shift from intrigued observer to practicing pagan can be a daunting one. So why not start the process by determining which brand of witchery resonates with you?

Read on to learn about five specialized takes on witchcraft—and where the variants came from.

 

COSMIC WITCH

A comic witch is a witch who uses planetary and celestial energy in their practice. They study and feel a personal and spiritual connection with not only the main planets in our solar system, but with asteroids, meteors, supernovas, stars, constellations, galaxies, and black holes. Cosmic witches pay particular attention to astrology, horoscopes, and zodiac signs—but that only gives us a picture of how the cosmic forces influence the individual. Cosmic witches are focused on how celestial energy influences the inner self, but also the world.

Cosmic witches have been around since the study of planets. According to the American Federation of Astrologers, the Babylonians are credited with the birth of astrology. They used their astrological charts to predict the “recurrence of seasons and certain celestial events.” Around 2000 B.C., Babylonian astrologers believed that the sun, moon, and the five known planets (Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto had yet to be discovered) all had distinct character traits (Mercury representing communication, Venus representing affection, and so on). Cosmic witches use these planetary traits to call upon their energy. For example, many witches choose to perform spells on a full moon because the full illumination can create an extra magical boost and enchantment—and the rock itself is said to align with emotions and the soul.

A present-day cosmic witch may not be using astrology to predict the weather, but rather to predict future events or influences. For example, it’s beneficial for a cosmic witch to know when Mercury is in retrograde, and in which sign, because it will allow them to determine where communication breakdowns will occur, and in what guise. If a cosmic which was planning to perform a love spell, their best chance of having it being successful during a new moon which corresponds with new beginnings and relationships.   

 

 

DIVINATION WITCH

A divination witch uses their magic to try to predict the future, often employing a variety of tools—or one that resonates. There are so many mediums with which to connect into the magic of the world: think Tarot, oracle cards, a pendulum, the I Ching, palmistry, and tasseography, and more.

Divination and divination witches have existed in just about every time period in history. In ancient Greece, divination witches were known as Oracles, and it was believed that deities spoke through them. A famous oracle was high priestess Pythia—known as the Oracle of Delphi—who was thought to be the mouthpiece of the god, Apollo. Every culture has its own form of divination. In ancient China, the diviner would carve out their question onto an ox bone until it cracked, and then the cracks were analyzed.

Today, divination witches don’t claim to be the mouthpiece of the gods, instead using divination predict likely answers to simple queries like, “Am I on the right career path?” or “Does this relationship stand a chance?” And in true modern fashion, divination methods like Tarot can even be found on our phones.

 

 

GREEN WITCH

A green witch works with magical properties found in the natural world. Their craft is based on respecting nature and all living things. Green witches focus on the magical correspondence of herbs, plants, and flowers. This incorporates herbalism, which is the study of botany and use of plants intended for medicinal purposes.

Herbalism is found in many cultures, but Chinese herbal medicine is one of the ancient variations still practiced today. Chinese herbology is based on the concepts of yin, yang, and Qi energy, where the herbs can either cool (yin) or stimulate (yang) certain parts of the body, the concept used for ritual and spiritual practices as well as medicinal. In parts of Africa, an herb known as purslane was used for purification during and after ritual ceremonies, while in some Scandinavian countries, clover was once used to ward off evils spirits and help develop psychic ability. In folk magic tradition, chamomile is said known to bring luck.

Today, green witches still take herbal magic very seriously, using essential oils and creating small physic gardens in their own apartment. Be aware that this is a learned art: it’s extremely important to know the health effects of the herbs you plan to use or ingest as well as the magical benefits.

 

 

KITCHEN WITCH

A kitchen witch practices magic within their own home. Their magic is not based on any divine power or spiritual guidance, but that magic that can be found in the everyday routine. Their craft comes out while cooking, baking, and nesting while tapping into the power of their own intention.

Witchcraft and cooking have always gone hand-in-hand. During the late 15th and mid-18th century many of the 200,000 witches (mostly women) were tortured, hanged, or burned at the stake were accused of poisoning food. Even now, our classic image of a witch persists as a woman stirring her cauldron. There has always been a magical and ritualistic nature surrounding food. Like green witchcraft, kitchen witches use herbalism in their food-based magic—but kitchen witchery isn’t just about food. It can also be making a homemade offering to a deity, cleansing and protection your home, and so on.

 

SEA WITCH

A sea witch, also known as a water witch, works with the element water in order to tap into their magic. They feel a deep, powerful connection to the water—whether it is the ocean, sea, or lake. This powerful pull leads them to be more aware of their own mystical energies.

Sea witches have been found in many cultures throughout history. From the sea nymph Calypso of The Odyssey; Sycorax of Shakespeare’s play The Tempest; even Ursula in Disney’s The Little Mermaid. However, sea witches have a deeper history in mythology. In Norse mythology, sea witches were magical, malevolent feminine spirits who often took the form of mermaidsThese witches believed that their power and bond over the sea and tides was born of their worship for the moon. The triple goddess symbol holds particularly deep meaning for sea witches, as it represents the three phases of the monthly lunar cycle: waxing, full, and waning.

Along with praying to the moon, sea witches have had a long history with practicing dowsing, a method of divination for finding water, metals, even grave sites underground by using a Y-shaped stick made of hazel. Dowsing has been around since the Middle Ages, used frequently in Europe until its association with witchcraft caused the practice to be shunned; its legitimacy as a science is still up for debate. Contemporary sea witches may not be luring sailors to their deaths, but they are still incorporating water, weather, and the moon into their practices, finding their own magical connection with the sea.

 

Astrology.com

Some of the Witchcraft/Magickal Correspondence for Saturday


Magickal Intentions: Spirit Communications, Meditation, Psychic Attack or Defense, Locating Lost Things and Missing Persons, Building, Life, Doctrine, Protection, Knowledge, Authority, Limitations, Boundaries, Time and Death
Incense: Black Poppy Seed and Myrrh
Planet: Saturn
Sign: Capricorn and Aquarius
Angel: Cassiel
Colors: Black, Grey and Indigo
Herbs/Plants: Myrrh, Moss, Hemlock, Wolfsbane, Coltsfoot, Nightshade and Fir
Stones: Jet, Smokey Quartz, Amethyst, Black Onyx, Snowflake Obsidian, Lava, Pumice
Oil: (Saturn) Cypress, Mimosa, Myrrh, Patchouli

Saturn lends its energies to the last day of the week. Because Saturn is the planet of karma, this day is an excellent time for spellwork involving reincarnation, karmic lessons, the Mysteries, wisdom, and long-term projects. It is also a good time to being efforts that deal with the elderly, death, or the eradication of pests and disease.

March 4th Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1238 Battle of the Sit River: Mongol forces of Batu Khan overcome Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal near Yaroslavl in Russia, ending Russian resistance

1801 Thomas Jefferson is the first US President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C.

1861 Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th US President

1902 American Automobile Association (AAA) founded in Chicago

1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt inaugurated as 32nd US President, pledges to pull US out of the Depression, “We have nothing to fear but fear itself”

1936 1st flight of the airship Hindenburg at Friedrichshafen, Germany

2009 International Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur becoming the first sitting head of state to be indicted

Today’s Historical Events

51 Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth)

306 Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia

852 Croatian Duke Trpimir I issued a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources

938 Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, the patron saint of the Czech state

1152 Frederick I Barbarossa elected Holy Roman Emperor

1215 King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a crusader to gain the support of Innocent III

1238 Battle of the Sit River: Mongol forces of Batu Khan overcome Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal near Yaroslavl in Russia, ending Russian resistance

1351 Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1841 Dion Boucicault‘s stage comedy “London Assurance” opens at Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, London

1922 1st vampire film “Nosferatu”, an un-authorized adaptation of Bram Stoker‘s Dracula, premieres at the Berlin Zoological Garden, Germany

1937 9th Academy Awards: “The Great Ziegfeld”, Paul Muni & Luise Rainer wins

1943 15th Academy Awards: “Mrs. Miniver”, James Cagney & Greer Garson win

1947 WWJ (now WDIV) TV channel 4 in Detroit, MI (NBC) begins broadcasting

1965 David Attenborough becomes the new controller of BBC2

1976 2nd People’s Choice Awards: John Wayne & Katharine Hepburn win (Motion Picture) and Telly Savalas & Carol Burnett win (TV)

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1830 Vincenzo Bellini’s opera “I Capuleti e i Montecchi” premieres at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice, Italy
1877 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s ballet “Swan Lake” has its world premiere, performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow

1895 Gustav Mahler conducts the premiere of his incomplete 2nd Symphony (“Resurrection”) in Berlin, Germany, with the Berlin Philharmonic; complete version debuts in December
1913 Gabriel Faure’s opera “Pénélope”, based on Homer’s “The Odyssey”, premieres at the Salle Garnie, in Monte Carlo, Monaco
1966 John Lennon says “We (the Beatles) are more popular than Jesus”
1968 3rd Academy of Country Music Awards: Glen Campbell and Lynn Anderson win
1973 15th Grammy Awards: 1st Time Ever I Saw Your Face, America
1977 Roger Sessions’ 6th Symphony premieres (in fully completed form) in New York City with José Serebrier conducting the Juilliard Orchestra

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1846 8th Grand National: William Taylor aboard outsider Pioneer wins by 3 lengths from Culverthorpe

1857 19th Grand National: Charlie Boyce wins aboard Emigrant at 10/1

1868 30th Grand National: George Ede victorious aboard Irish 9/1 shot The Lamb; horse wins second GN in 1871

1903 Stanley Cup, Montreal Arena, Westmount, Quebec: Montreal HC beats Winnipeg Victorias, 4-1 for a 2-1 challenge series victory

1913 NY Yankees are 1st to train outside US (Bermuda)

1927 Babe Ruth becomes the highest-paid player in MLB history when he signs 3-year, $70,000 per season contract with the New York Yankees

1931 Don Bradman is bowled for a rare first ball duck by Herman Griffith (4-50) on the last day of 5th cricket Test vs West Indies in Sydney; Windies win by 31 runs but lose series to Australia, 4-1

1933 Noordwijk soccer team forms

Witchcraft Symbols, Terms and Definitions

Widdershins

From moonlitpriestess.com

Some terms listed on this page may seem like common-sense words; however, they’re defined here as most often used in Wicca, Witchcraft, and general Paganism. Some terms have a different meaning in general society, other religions, and other sub-cultures.

Please keep this in mind when learning the terms as they’re listed here.

Did you come across a term on this site or another Wiccan/Pagan source that you’re unfamiliar with or uncertain of and can’t find it on this page? Please send us a message so we can add it to this page for you!

If you already know what term you’re looking for, you can use Ctrl-F (Windows) or Cmd-F (Mac) to search. Likewise, if you’re using a tablet or smartphone, you may use your browser’s “Find” setting to search this page.

Widdershins:

counter-sunwise movement (counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere); generally associated with negative (as in aggressive, banishing, binding, cleansing, etc.) magick.

From Spells8.com

Widdershins

Motion of energy directed in a counter-clockwise movement. This can be used to undo or reverse a spell.

March 3 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1575 Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi

1857 Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China

1861 Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs and granting them the full rights of free citizens [O.S. Feb 19]

1887 Anne Sullivan begins teaching 6 year old blind-deaf Helen Keller

1917 1st major strike of the Russian “February Revolution” starts at the giant Putilov factory in Petrograd [OS=Feb 18]

1921 Toronto’s Dr Banting & Dr Best announce discovery of insulin

1939 Mahatma Gandhi begins a fast in Mumbai (Bombay) to protest against autocratic rule in India

1943 Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Australian and American air forces devastate Japanese navy convoy

1991 Los Angeles police officers severely beat motorist Rodney King, the beating is famously captured on amateur video and later leads to riots when the police officers are acquitted

Today’s Historical Events

78 Origin of Saka Era (India)

468 St Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope Hilarius

473 Glycerius appointed a puppet Emperor of the Western Empire by Burgundian king and patrician Gundobad (deposed 474)

493 Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker

1284 Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England

1409 Austrian civil war ends

1431 Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV

1575 Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1958 KTVU TV channel 2 in Oakland-San Francisco, California (IND) 1st broadcast

1966 WRFT (now WVFT) TV channel 27 in Roanoke, VA (IND) begins broadcasting

1975 1st People’s Choice Awards: John Wayne & Barbra Streisand win (Motion Pictures) and Alan Alda, Telly Savalas & Mary Tyler Moore win (TV)

1985 “Moonlighting” with Cybill Shepard & Bruce Willis premieres on ABC TV in the US

1990 Carole Gist (20) is the 1st African American to be crowned Miss USA in Wichita, Kansas

2002 33rd NAACP Image Awards: “Ali” wins Outstanding Motion Picture

2005 American rapper 50 Cent releases his album “The Massacre” (2005 Billboard Album of the Year, Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album 2006)

2006 37th NAACP Image Awards: “Crash” wins Outstanding Motion Picture

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1794 1st performance of Joseph Haydn’s 101st Symphony in D (“The Clock”) at the Hanover Rooms, in London, England

1842 1st performance of Felix Mendelssohn‘s 3rd (“Scottish”) Symphony in Leipzig Gewandhaus

1875 Georges Bizet‘s last and greatest opera “Carmen” premieres at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, France

1931 “The Star-Spangled Banner” officially becomes US national anthem by congressional resolution; lyrics by Francis Scott Key in 1814, set to John Stafford Smith’s 18th century tune “The Anacreontic Song”

1931 Cab Calloway records “Minnie the Moocher” (Jazz’s 1st million seller)

1940 American bandleader Artie Shaw records “Frenesi” on RCA Victor label

1944 Premiere performance of US Army Corporal Samuel Barber‘s 2nd Symphony by the Boston Symphony, conducted by Serge Koussevitzky in Boston, Massachusetts

1955 Elvis Presley makes his 1st TV appearance on a broadcast of radio show “Louisiana Hayride”

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1841 3rd Grand National: Horatio Powell wins aboard 14/1 Charity; first mare to win the race

1847 9th Grand National: Denny Wynne wins aboard 10/1 Mathew; regarded as the first Irish-trained horse to win the race

1852 14th Grand National: Alec Goodman wins first of 2 GN victories (1866) aboard Miss Mowbray

1869 31st Grand National: George Stevens wins his 4th GN aboard 100/7 outsider The Colonel; repeats with back-to-back victories the following year

1883 In the series decider England beats Scotland, 2 tries to 1 at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh to win the inaugural Home Nations Rugby Championship with an undefeated record

1904 England cricket all-rounder Bernard Bosanquet takes 6 for 51 as tourists dismiss Australia for 171 in the 4th Test in Sydney to regain the Ashes; take an unassailable, 3-1 series lead

1920 Montreal Canadiens scores NHL record 16 goals beating Quebec Bulldogs

1950 National-American Football League reverts to calling itself the NFL after 3 months

What is a Soul Contract? The Complete Guide to Soul Contracts

How do soul contract affect you? How does it affect you as a person?

Soul contracts are based on the notion that before incarnating into a new body, our souls correspond other’s souls. During these prenatal meetings, human souls negotiate agreements to collaborate and develop further on Earth.

Positive and unpleasant experiences build our souls’, to borrow a phrase from Aldous Huxley. However, in order to participate in them, we require the help of other folks – and other souls.

These soul contracts assist us in achieving our life’s purpose. In a nutshell, these individuals aid us in learning all we need to know about humans. These ties are often claimed to have a spiritual bond.

During our time on Earth, we feel the greatest when we’re around individuals with whom we have shared soul agreements. There are, however, some connections that cause us unendurable agony in order to assist us progress in life. Both love and distress exist in these connections.

According to the theory of a soul contract, before we incarnate in this lifetime, we correspond with a specific soul. The two souls then meet and negotiate an agreement to collaborate and grow together on Earth. In order to do that, we require the help from other people – and other souls.

These contracts aren’t written in stone. They’re created to stimulate our spiritual growth, just like any other decision we make in life. However, when two souls are meant for each other, their connection will bring them the greatest happiness.

Click on the hyperlinks to read the rest of this article about soul contracts on diversity.social

March 2nd Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1791 Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris

1796 Napoléon Bonaparte is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the French Army in Italy

1807 US Congress bans the slave trade within the US, effective January 1, 1808

1888 The Convention of Constantinople signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace

1946 Ho Chi Minh elected President of North Vietnam

1956 Morocco tears up the Treaty of Fez, declaring independence from France

1970 White government of Rhodesia declares itself a republic

2002 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: US conventional forces first deployed as part of Operation Anaconda

Today’s Historical Events

986 Louis V becomes King of the Franks.

1121 Dirk VI becomes count of Holland

1127 Assassination of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders

1458 Hussite George van Podiebrad chosen king of Bohemia

1498 Vasco da Gama‘s fleet visits Mozambique Island

1629 English King Charles I dissolves Parliament against opposition, imprisoning 9 members of parliament

1657 Great Fire of Meireki destroys 60-70% of the Japanese capital city of Edo, killing an estimated 100,000 people

1675 Prince William III installed as governor of Overijssel

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1933King Kong” film directed by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, starring Fay Wray premieres at Radio City Music Hall and RKO Roxy in NYC

1940 The first televised intercollegiate track meet is seen in NYC on W2XBS; NYU wins the meet presented live from Madison Square Garden

1942 14th Academy Awards: “How Green was My Valley”, Gary Cooper, and Joan Fontaine win

1944 16th Academy Awards: “Casablanca”, Jennifer Jones & Paul Lukas win

1964 Beatles begin filming “A Hard Day’s Night”, George Harrison meets future wife Pattie Boyd

1965 One of the most popular musical films of all time, “The Sound of Music”, starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, premieres (Academy Awards Best Picture – 1966)

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1789 Pennsylvania ends prohibition of theatrical performances

1825 1st grand opera in US sung in English, NYC

1956 “Lawdy Miss Clawdy” single cover released by Elvis Presley

1959 Ceremony to mark the start of construction of the Sydney Opera House at Bennelong Point, Sydney

1961 Eaton Magoon’s musical “13 Daughters”, starring Don Ameche and Sylvia Syms, opens at 54th St Theater, NYC; runs for 28 performances

1969 Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 14th Symphony

1970 Reprise Records releases “Ladies of the Canyon”, Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell‘s 3rd studio album

1974 16th Grammy Awards: Roberta Flack Best Record – “Killing Me Softly”, Stevie Wonder Best Album – “Innervisions”

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1842 4th Grand National: Tom Olliver aboard 7/1 Gaylad wins by 4 lengths from Seventy Four

1853 15th Grand National: Tom Oliver aboard Peter Simple wins his third GN Steeplechase and the stallion’s second; oldest horse to win event at 15

1859 21st Grand National: Chris Green aboard 7/1 Half Caste wins by only a short neck from Jean Du Quesne

1874 National Association of Professional Baseball Players officially adopts the batter’s box; decide any player betting on his own team will be expelled; any player betting on any other team to forfeit his pay

1890 Norwegian speed skater Oskar Fredriksen sets inaugural 5,000m world record of 9:19.8 in Stockholm, Sweden

1896 Best 9-wicket haul in cricket history; George Lohmann takes 9-28 as England beats South Africa by an innings and 197 runs in 2nd Test at Johannesburg

1898 Chasing winning target of 275, Australian cricket batsman Joe Darling bashes 160 in 171 minutes with 30 fours to lead Australia to a 6-wicket 5th Test win over England in Sydney; complete 4-1 series rout

1904 Stanley Cup, Montreal Arena, Westmount, Quebec: Montreal Wanderers and Ottawa HC tie, 5-5; Montreal disqualified for refusing to play second game in Ottawa

Soul Contracts | 19 Facts You Should Know In (2023)

Click on the hyperlinks to read more about Bijan thoughts on soul contracts

You’re about to learn what a soul contract is, how it affects you and how you can maximise the impact of soul contracts in this life.

In my role as a life coach, I like to learn about these spiritual ideas, so I am able to work with a broader range of clients.

Now, I’m excited to share these ideas with you.

Let’s dive right into it.

Contents

Witchcraft Symbols, Terms and Definitions

 

Cattywampus

Brought to you by wordoftheday.net

Cattywampus / Adjective / cat·​ty·​wam·​pus

Cattywampus is an American-based colloquialism or slang that etymologists believe to be of Scottish influence. We use “cattywampus” in the English language as an adjective. The word has alternate spellings and we also use it as “catawampus.” This American-based noun modifier has a multi-part description. In one sense of the word, “cattywampus” describes people, places or things we believe to be fierce, animal-like or savage. When used in this sense, the word describes someone we see as frightening.

In a Sentence

The cattywampus became upset and lunged at me!

I’m terribly afraid of a “cattywampus” staring at me when I ride public transportation.

That “cattywampus” of a woman is coming this way, and she looks very upset!

Etymology

Etymologists say we find the word “cattywampus” used in North American-based slang in the late 1800s. American English-speakers used “cattywampus” to describe people with outrageous temperaments and those seen to go “off-kilter” or ‘awry’ with little provocation. This colloquial slang has been in use with its original definition since its inception in 1864.

Synonym

Awry, Twisted

Antonyms

Affable, Hospitable

SIDE NOTE:

In my family we used this word to mean something being off kilter.

Flower Meaning, Symbolize, and Spiritual Meaning

White Flower Symbolism and Meanings from uniguide.com

White flower symbolism includes purity, innocence, faith, spiritual enlightenment, and messages from angels. In addition, it can symbolize femininity. Because of these meanings, many people associate the color white with new beginnings, such as weddings, births, and memorial services.

Because white flowers are given at funerals and memorials, many think white flowers represent death. However, the gift of white flowers is to honor the transition of the loved one to the spiritual realm. In a sense, the color white exemplifies honor for the cycle of life.

It’s important to keep in mind that white flower symbolism can have slight variations based on the type of flower. For example, white poppies symbolize restful sleep and the eternal life of the soul. White irises symbolize hope for new beginnings.

Thus, people often give them as gifts when babies are born or christened. In addition, brides and bride’s maids will carry them in their bouquets. A white lotus flower, on the other hand, symbolizes divine feminine energy, fertility, and spiritual enlightenment. While white lilies symbolize purity, beauty, faith, and angels.

April 1st Today in Worldwide History

Today’s Important Historical Events

527 Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne

1748 Ruins of Pompeii rediscovered by Spaniard Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre

1952 Big Bang theory proposed in Physical Review by Alpher, Bethe & George Gamow

1974 Ayatollah Khomeini calls for an Islamic Republic in Iran

1976 Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs found Apple Computer in the garage of Jobs’ parents house in Cupertino, California

2001 Netherlands becomes the first country in the world to make same-sex marriage legal

(Lady Beltane’s dad crossed the veil)

Today’s Historical Events

374 Comet 1P/374 E1 (Halley) approaches within 0.0884 AUs of Earth

527 Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne

705 Greek pope John VII chosen as successor to John VI

1064 Body of bishop Eleutherius of Blandain moved to Doornik

1318 Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English.

1340 Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.

1504 English guilds/corp goes under state control

1515 Portuguese fleet under Afonso de Albuquerque captures the Persian fortress of Ormuz, renaming it the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1930 “The Blue Angel” starring Marlene Dietrich in her breakthrough role premieres in Germany

1947 Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) by Osamu Tezuka published, first manga cartoon in tankōbon form

1953 KXMC TV channel 13 in Minot, ND (CBS/ABC) begins broadcasting

1954 WQED TV channel 13 in Pittsburgh, PA (PBS) begins broadcasting

1955 WTVT TV channel 13 in Tampa-St Petersburg, FL (CBS) 1st broadcast

1956 KPIC TV channel 4 in Roseburg, OR (CBS) begins broadcasting

1957 WYES-TV channel 12 in New Orleans, Louisiana (PBS) begins broadcasting

1958 KVIQ TV channel 6 in Eureka, CA (NBC/ABC/CBS) begins broadcasting

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1822 Italian composer Luigi Cherubini becomes director of the Conservatoire de Paris music college, holds position for nearly 20 years

1956 10th Tony Awards: “The Diary of Anne Frank” (play) & “Damn Yankees” (musical) win

1964 John Lennon is reunited with his father Freddie after 17 years

1966 “Hold On, I’m Comin'” single released by Sam & Dave

1970 John Lennon and Yoko Ono release hoax they are having dual sex change operations

1972 30,000 attend Mar Y Sol rock concert, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico

1973 John Lennon and Yoko Ono form a new country with no laws or boundaries, called Nutopia, its national anthem is silence

1990 It becomes illegal in Salem Oregon to be within 2 feet of nude dancers

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1888 Students from Rotterdam, Netherlands establish a cricket club called Rotterdamsche Cricket & Football Club Sparta which evolves into Sparta Rotterdam

1919 Stanley Cup Final, Seattle Ice Arena, Seattle, WA: With Montreal Canadiens (NHL) & Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) tied at 2-2-1, trophy not awarded due to worldwide flu epidemic

1920 Stanley Cup Final, Mutual Street Arena, Toronto, ON: Jack Darragh scores a hat-trick as Ottawa Senators (NHL) beat Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA), 6-1 for a 3-2 series win

1926 Montreal Maroons’ Clint Benedict becomes first NHL goalie to record 3 straight playoff shutouts, in a 3-0 win against the visiting Victoria Cougars in Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Championship series

1930 American golfer Bobby Jones starts his Grand Slam season by winning the Southeastern Open by 13 strokes over Horton Smith at the Forest Hills-Ricker Golf Course in Atlanta, Georgia

1930 Chicago Cubs catcher Leo Hartnett breaks the altitude record for a catch by gloving a baseball dropped from the Goodyear blimp 800 feet over Los Angeles, California

1931 Jackie Mitchell becomes the second female (after Lizzie Arlington 1898) in organised baseball when she signs with the Chattanooga Lookouts Baseball Club

1933 England cricket batsman Wally Hammond smashes 34 fours, 10 sixes in a Test record unbeaten 336 in the drawn 2nd Test against New Zealand in Auckland

March 1st Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1642 Georgeana (York) in Maine becomes the 1st incorporated American city

1780 Pennsylvania becomes 1st US state to abolish slavery (for newborns only)

1847 Michigan becomes 1st English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state)

1869 US Postage stamps showing scenes issued for 1st time. These pictorials showed a post horse and rider, a locomotive, a shield, an eagle and a ship, the Adriatic.

1872 Yellowstone becomes the world’s 1st national park

1954 US explodes Castle Bravo, a 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll, which accidentally became the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by the US

Today’s Historical Events

752 BC Romulus, first king of Rome, celebrates the first Roman triumph after his victory over the Caeninenses, following the Rape of the Sabine Women

86 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus

293 Roman emperor Maximianus introduces tetrarchy (rule of four people) elevating Galerius and Constantius Chlorus to Caesar

317 Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius the younger, son of Emperor Licinius, raised to rank of Caesar

492 Gelasius I elected Catholic Pope; in office until his d eath in 496

492 St Felix III ends his reign as Catholic Pope

705 John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope

743 The Roman Council at Estinnes decrees that Christian slaves may not be owned by Jews, fearing that the slaves may convert to Judaism

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1864 Louis Ducos du Hauron patents movie machine (never built)

1928 Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra record “Ol’ Man River” for Victor Records featuring Bing Crosby

1941 Captain America created by cartoonists Joe Simon and Jack Kirby is first published by Timely Comics (premiere issue released on December 20, 1940)

1953 After an all-night movie and dinner session with his top advisers, Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.

1953 KAUZ TV channel 6 in Wichita Falls, TX (CBS) begins broadcasting

1953 KTNT (now KSTW) TV channel 11 in Tacoma-Seattle, WA (IND) begins

1953 WFBG TV (later WTAJ) channel 10 in Altoona, PA (CBS) begins broadcasting

1953 WJZ-AM in NYC becomes WABC; WJZ-TV in Baltimore final transmission

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1956 “Crazy Arms” single released by Ray Price – his 1st no.1 (Billboard Song of the Year 1956)

1957 “Ziegfeld Follies of 1957” opens at Winter Garden NYC for 123 performances

1961 Cellist Jacqueline du Prés debut in Wigmore Hall

1968 Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice‘s musical “Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat” first performed as a 15-minute pop cantata at Colet Court School in London

1969 “Red, White, & Maddox” closes at Cort Theater NYC after 41 performances

1969 After 88 weeks, the Beatles’ album “Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” drops off the charts

1969 Jim Morrison allegedly exposes himself on stage at the Dinner Key Auditorium in Miami, Florida

1973 Pink Floyd release their album “Dark Side of the Moon”, since sold over 45 million copies

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1843 5th Grand National: Tom Olliver aboard 12/1 Vanguard wins; first year race run as a handicap

1848 10th Grand National: Capt. Josey Little aboard 12/1 Chandler wins; race marred by fatal falls of 3 competitors

1854 16th Grand National: John Tasker wins aboard race favourite Bourton at 4/1

1903 Major League Baseball Rules Committee rule that pitcher’s mound must not be more than 15 inches higher than the baselines or home plate

1910 National Baseball Commission prohibits giving mementos to players on winning World Series teams; decision later reversed, making way for traditional winners’ watches, rings, and stickpins

1919 Future Hockey Hall of Fame center Newsy Lalonde sets a playoff record with 5 goals in the Canadiens’ 6-3 win over Ottawa in NHL Championship Game 3 in Montreal

1921 Spin bowler Arthur Mailey takes 5 for 119 (record 36 wickets for series) to lead Australia to a 9 wicket 5th Test win over England in Sydney; first ever, 5-0 Ashes cricket series win for Australia

1934 Italian boxer Primo Carnera beats American challenger Tommy Loughran by unanimous points decision at Madison Square Garden, NYC for the NYSAC and NBA heavyweight titles

February 28th Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

202 BC Coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place, initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty’s rule over China

1710 In the Battle of Helsingborg, 14,000 Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock

1854 Republican Party formally organized in Ripon, Wisconsin

1915 WWI: After the French try to drive the Germans forces back into the Champagne region, they gain a few hundred yards – at the cost of 50,000 casualties

1947 February 28 Massacre: Anti-government uprising in Taiwan is violently put down by Chiang Kai-shek and his Kuomintang-led Republic of China government with the loss of 18,000-28,000 lives. Marks the beginning of the White Terror.

1953 Francis Crick and James Watson discover the chemical structure of DNA-molecule (double-helix polymer) using studies of x-ray diffraction developed by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

1991 Gulf War ends after Iraq accepts a ceasefire following their retreat from Kuwait

Today’s Historical Events

202 BC Coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place, initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty’s rule over China

364 Valentinian I becomes Roman Emperor (rules till 375)

870 8th Ecumenical council ends in Constantinople

1570 Anti-Portuguese uprising on Ternate, Moluccas

1638 Scottish Presbyterians sign National Convent, Greyfriars, Edinburgh

1646 Roger Scott tried in Massachusetts for sleeping in church

1653 -Mar 3] 3 Day Sea battle English beat Dutch

1667 English colony Suriname comes under Dutch controls

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1940 1st televised basketball game (U of Pitts beats Fordham U, 50-37)

1951 8th Golden Globes: “Sunset Boulevard”, Jose Ferrer, & Gloria Swanson win

1957 14th Golden Globes: The King and I, Kirk Douglas, & Ingrid Bergman win

1966 23rd Golden Globes: “Doctor Zhivago“, Omar Sharif, & Samantha Eggar win

1970 KIIN (now KUN) TV channel 12 in Iowa City, IA (PBS) 1st broadcast

1970 WUTR TV channel 20 in Utica-Rome, NY (ABC) begins broadcasting

1971 WDRB TV channel 41 in Louisville, Kentucky (IND) begins broadcasting

1983 Final TV episode of “M*A*S*H”, a 2-hour special directed by series star Alan Alda titled “Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen”, airs (CBS); record 125 million watch in the US

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1728 George Frideric Handel‘s opera “Siroe, re di Persia” premieres in London

1819 1st public performance of a Franz Schubert‘s song “Schäfers Klageleid”

1862 Charles Gounod’s opera “La Reine de Saba” premieres in Paris

1888 Vincent d’Indy’s Wallenstein-trilogy, premieres

1904 Vincent d’Indy’s 2nd Symphony in B, premieres

1920 Maurice Ravel‘s orchestral suite “Le tombeau de Couperin” premieres in Paris

1925 “Tea For Two” by Marion Harris hits #1

1950 “Alive & Kicking” closes at Winter Garden Theater NYC after 46 performances

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1844 6th Grand National: John Crickmere wins aboard 5/1 co-favourite Discount

1849 11th Grand National: Tom Cunningham wins aboard 20/1 Peter Simple; 2nd consecutive year there are 3 equine fatalities during the race

1903 Barney Dreyfuss & James Potter buy Philadelphia Phillies for $170,000

1904 Football club Sport Lisboa (Benfica) founded in Lisbon, Portugal

1906 Stanley Cup: Ottawa HC beats Queen’s University (Kingston, ON), 12-7 for a 2-0 sweep of challenge series

1912 Australian batting great Victor Trumper scores 50 in his final Test innings in 5th Test loss v England at Sydney Cricket Ground

1925 Longest win streak in Toronto Maple Leaf history (9 games)

1929 Chic Black Hawks lose record NHL 15th straight game at home

Witchcraft Symbols, Terms and Definitions

From thoughtcatalog.com

Celtic Shield Knot

A Celtic knot (also called Icovellavna) is an endless knot design that turns in on itself that originated with the Celtic people. When created in the shape of a shield, it is used as a symbol for protection used to ward off negative energy. These are often used as tattoos or jewelry designs that can be worn for protection.

Represents: the four elements.

Used in rituals for: protection.

When Is It Witchcraft? (Please keep in mind that this is the author’s perspective and not necessarily that of WOTC)

Thanks to a meme with a tree, people talking about whether or not things are “witchcraft” vs “pagan.” It’s obvious that there are a lot of people who are confused as to the differences, and I feel that I have some sense of understanding of how this happened. It’s a complicated and lengthy topic with lots of history, background, subtopics, and more than a little bit of ranting about why so many terms became confused with each other, but I’ll do my best to explain it as succinctly as I can.

Let’s start by getting into the definitions and descriptions of these terms.

Witchcraft is types of magic practiced by witches. There are many, many different traditions and practices of witchcraft out there both in the modern day and historically. Pagan is both an adjective and a noun that very broadly describes (often too broadly imho) various spiritual practices which are either are, and/or inspired by, pre-Christian practices. You don’t have to be pagan in order to be a witch–or to practice magic in general. In fact, a lot of witches are either not pagan at all or don’t use the label for themselves. I’m personally one. I will default to it if I have to in order to be understood in certain circles, but it’s not a label I feel accurately describes me. I prefer to describe myself as either a polytheist or a polytheistic witch instead.

Now, about that label of “witchcraft”. Witches aren’t restricted from certain religions or beliefs, or a lack thereof. Witches can be Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and/or atheist. To be a witch, you practice witchcraft. It’s a label best described as DOING vs belief… click here to read the rest of this article

February 27 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1693 1st women’s magazine “Ladies’ Mercury” published in London, England

1900 In London, the Trades Union Congress and the Independent Labour Party (formed in 1893) meet, results in a Labour Representative Committee and eventually the modern Labour Party in 1906

1933 Nazi Germany’s parliament building “The Reichstag” is destroyed by fire; possibly set by the Nazis, who blame and execute Dutch Communist Marinus van der Lubbe

1940 Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover carbon-14 (radiocarbon dating) at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California

1950 General Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China

1957 Mao’s famous speech to the Supreme State Conference “On Correct Handling of Contradictions Among People” expounding Maoist ideals

2012 Wikileaks begins disclosing 5 million emails from private intelligence company Stratfor

Today’s Historical Events

837 15th recorded perihelion passage of Halley’s Comet

1526 Saxony and Hesse form League of Gotha (league of Protestant princes)

1531 Evangelical German towns form Schmalkaldische Union

1557 1st Russian Embassy arrives in London

1594 Henry IV crowned King of France

1626 Yuan Chonghuan is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese into a great victory against the Manchurians under Nurhaci

1665 Battle at Elmina, Gold Coast: Vice-admiral De Ruyter beats English

1667 Abraham Crijnssen conquers Fort Willoughby (Zeelandia), Suriname

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1935 7th Academy Awards: “It Happened One Night”, Clark Gable, and Claudette Colbert win

1941 13th Academy Awards: “Rebecca”, James Stewart & Ginger Rogers win

1957 Premiere of only prime-time network TV show beginning with an “X”: “Xavier Cugat Show” on NBC (until X-Files)

1964 Erwin Drake’s musical “What Makes Sammy Run?”, starring Steve Lawrence, Robert Alda, and Sally Ann Howes, opens at 54th St Theater, NYC; runs for 540 performances

1965 Hugh Martin and Timothy Gray’s musical “High Spirits”, based on Noel Coward’s “Blithe Spirit”, closes at Alvin Theater, NYC, after 375 performances

1968 CBS news anchor Walter Cronkite delivers a scathing editorial on America’s chances of winning the Vietnam War

1986 The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis

1996 American film production company “Happy Madison Productions” is founded by Adam Sandler

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1563 British composer William Byrd is appointed organist at Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England

1814 Ludwig van Beethoven‘s Symphony No. 8 in F major premieres in Vienna

1854 German composer Robert Schumann saved from suicide attempt in Rhine River

1977 Rolling Stones’ guitarist Keith Richards gets suspended sentence for heroin possession in Canada

1977 Swedish pop group ABBA arrives in Australia for the first time, sparking “ABBA-mania”

1980 22nd Grammy Awards: Song of the Year – Kenny Loggins’ “What A Fool Believes”; Best Album – Billy Joel‘s “52nd Street”

1981 Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder record the single “Ebony & Ivory”

1990 “Hold On” single released by Wilson Phillips (Billboard Song of the Year 1990)

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1850 12th Grand National: Chris Green wins aboard Irish outsider Abd-El-Kader; goes on to become first dual winner and first to win in consecutive years

1856 18th Grand National: George Stevens wins aboard 25/1 Freetrader; first of Stevens’ record 5 GN victories

1874 Baseball 1st played in England at Lord’s Cricket Ground

1921 US Female Figure Skating championship won by Theresa Weld Blanchard; US male Figure Skating championship won by Sherwin Badger

1925 Test Cricket debut of Clarrie Grimmett, who took 5-45 & 6-37 v England

1936 Dutch swimmer Willy den Ouden sets new women’s world 100m freestyle record (1:04.6) in Amsterdam; lasts 22 years until broken in 1956 by Dawn Fraser of Australia

1937 Australian cricketer Don Bradman scores 169 in 5th Test match v England in 223 minutes, ensuring Australia wins the Ashes 3-2

1959 Boston Celtic Bob Cousy sets NBA record with 28 assists Boston Celtics score 173 points against Minneapolis Lakers

February 26 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1616 Roman Inquisition delivers injunction to Galileo demanding he abandon his belief in heliocentrism, which states the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun

1797 Bank of England issues first £1 note

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France

1885 Berlin Conference gives Congo to Belgium and Nigeria to Great Britain

1935 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) first demonstrated by Robert Watson-Watt

1991 Coalition planes bomb Iraqi forces retreating from Kuwait during the Gulf War, killing hundreds and creating the so-called ‘Highway of Death

2005 Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt, orders the constitution changed to allow multi-candidate presidential elections, asking Egyptian parliament to amend Article 76

Today’s Historical Events

747 BC Epoch (origin) of Ptolemy’s Nabonassar Era

364 Valentinian I is proclaimed Roman Emperor

1266 Battle of Benevento fought in Southern Italy between Manfred of Sicily and army of Charles of Anjou

1401 English Catholic priest William Sawtrey convicted of heresy and later becomes 1st Lollard martyr to be publicly burnt at the stake

1534 Pope Paul II affirms George van Egmond as bishop of Utrecht

1548 Ottoman fleet under Piri Reis retakes the port of Aden (modern Yemen) from the Portuguese

1590 Mauritius of Nassaus sails to Breda

1597 Cornelis de Houtman‘s Dutch fleet departs Bali and sets sail for the Netherlands

Today’s Historical Events in Flim and TV

1916 Mutual signs Charlie Chaplin to a film contract

1920 German silent horror film classic “The Cabinet of Dr Caligari” starring Werner Krauss is released

1947 4th Golden Globes: “The Best Years of Our Lives”, Gregory Peck, & Rosalind Russell win

1953 10th Golden Globes: “The Greatest Show on Earth”, Gary Cooper, & Shirley Booth win

1955 Leigh, Charlap, Styne, Comden and Green’s musical “Peter Pan”, starring Mary Martin and Cyril Ritchard, closes at Winter Garden Theater, NYC, after 152 performances

1960 Vera Miles stars in”Mirror Image” episode of CBS anthology series “The Twilight Zone”

1966 KBIM TV channel 10 in Roswell, NM (CBS) begins broadcasting

1975 1st televised kidney transplant (Today Show)

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1869 Franz Schubert‘s Symphony number 4, “The Tragic”, premieres

1917 1st jazz records recorded – “Dixie Jazz Band One Step” and “Livery Stable Blues” by Original Dixieland Jass Band for the Victor Talking Machine Company

1930 Play “Green Pastures” opens at Mansfield Theater

1950 Jerome Robbin’s ballet choreographed to Leonard Bernstein‘s “Age of Anxiety” premieres at the New York City Center Theater

1970 Carole Bayer (Sager) and George Fischoff’s musical “Georgy” opens at Winter Garden Theater, NYC; runs for 4 performances

1970 The Beatles release “Hey Jude” compilation album in US (originally to be titled “Beatles Again”)

1973 8th Academy of Country Music Awards: Merle Haggard and Donna Fargo win

1975 “Night… Made America Famous” opens at Barrymore, NYC; runs for 75 performances

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1839 1st Grand National steeplechase, Aintree Racecourse, Liverpool: Jem Mason wins aboard 5/1 favourite Lottery

1851 13th Grand National: Terry Abbott wins aboard Irish stallion Abd-El-Kader at 7/1; first dual winner and first to win back-to-back

1859 Paul Morphy‘s chess match vs Augustus Mongredien begins; Morphy wins

1887 George Lohmann took 1st 8-wkt haul in test cricket, 8-35 at Sydney Cricket Ground

1918 Stands at Hong Kong Jockey Club collapse & burn, killing 604

1930 West Indies make 1st Test Cricket win, by 289 runs over England

1935 NY Yankees release Babe Ruth, he signs with Boston Braves

1938 Rie Van Veen swims world record 200m free style (2:24.6)

Good Morning WOTC! Wishing You and Yours A Very Blessed and Joyous Day! c. 2017

 

The Cauldron Chant

We form the Circle,
The Circle most round.
We form the Chalice,
The Chalice now found.

We call the Goddess,
to meet the great need.
We call the God,
To plant His fertile seed.

We call the quarters,
which we call four.
We summon the powers,
that contain the force.

We stir the Cauldron,
from which we were born.
We call the Gods,
from whom we were torn.

We say the words,
which lead us round.
We pass the kiss,
with our lovers found.

We face our dreams,
in nights psychic flight.
We face our hopes,
in bright moon of the night.

We face our fears,
on the Dark Lords Horn.
We face our failure,
in the Mothers new planted corn.

We live our lives,
druming and dancing on the meadow.
We confront our Death,
in the dancing moon light shadow.

Our paths run quickly,
on fleet foot and wing.
Our Circle is joyous,
with our Queens and our Kings.

Let our little Circle be happy,
with Bell, Bowl or Bow.
And form now this Circle,
with gracious Love, Joy and Hope.

 

—Ammond ShadowCraft, Author

Originally published on Pagan Library

 

A Pagan Saturday c. 2016

gothic fantasy

A Pagan Saturday

Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. It is the either the sixth or seventh day of the week as discussed below. Jews and many Christians believe that God established the 7-day weekly cycle at Creation as related in the Book of Genesis chapters 1 and 2.

Origins of the name
It was named no later than the second century for the planet (Saturn), which controlled the first hour of that day according to Vettius Valens. The planet was named for the Roman god of agriculture Saturn. It has been called dies Saturni (“Saturn’s Day”), through which from it entered into Old English as Sæternesdæg and gradually evolved into the word “Saturday”.

Saturday is the only day of the week in which the English name comes from Roman mythology. The English names of all of the other days of the week come from Germanic mythology. In India, Saturday is Shanivar, based on Shani, the Vedic God manifested in the planet Saturn. In the Thai solar calendar of Thailand, the day is named from the Pali word for Saturn, and the color associated with Saturday is purple. The Celtic languages also name this day for Saturn: Irish an Satharn or dia Sathuirn, Scottish Gaelic Disathairne, Welsh dydd Sadwrn, Breton disadorn.

In Jewish tradition Saturday is the Shabbat. Christianity adopted this tradition in terms of the Sabbath. Thus, in many languages the Saturday is named after the Sabbath. Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between the Sabbath (Saturday) and the Lord’s Day (Sunday). Roman Catholics put so little emphasis on that distinction that many among them follow – at least in colloquial language – the Protestant practice of calling Sunday the sabbath (see Sabbath in Christianity). Quakers traditionally refer to Saturday as “Seventh Day” eschewing the “pagan” origin of the name. In Islamic countries, Fridays are holidays, however they are considered as the sixth day of the week.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church Saturdays are days on which the Theotokos (Mother of God) and All Saints are commemorated, The day is also a general day of prayer for the dead, because it was on a Saturday that Jesus lay dead in the tomb. The Octoechos contains hyms on these themes, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Saturdays throughout the year. At the end of services on Saturday, the dismissal begins with the words: “May Christ our True God, through the intercessions of his most-pure Mother, of the holy, glorious and right victorious Martyrs, of our reverend and God-bearing Fathers…”. For the Orthodox, Saturday is never a strict fast day. When a Saturday falls during one of the fasting seasons (Great Lent, Nativity Fast, Apostles’ Fast, Dormition Fast) the fasting rules are always lessened to an extent. The Great Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross and the Beheading of St. John the Baptist are normally observed as strict fast days, but if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fast is lessened.

In Scandinavian countries, Saturday is called Lördag or Löverdag etc., the name being derived from the old word laugr (hence Icelandic name Laugardagur), meaning bath, thus Lördag equates to bath-day. This is due to the Viking usage of bathing on Saturdays.

Today, Saturday is officially called Samstag in all German-speaking countries, however, there are two names for this day in modern Standard German. Samstag is always used in Austria, Liechtenstein, the German speaking part of Switzerland and generally used in southern and western Germany. It derives from Old High German sambaztac, which itself derives from Greek Σάββατο, and this Greek word derives from Hebrew שבת (Shabbat). However, the current German word for sabbath is Sabbat. The second name for Saturday in German is Sonnabend, which derives from Old High German sunnunaband, and is closely related to the Old English word sunnanæfen. It means literally “Sun eve”, i.e. “The day before Sunday”. Sonnabend is generally used in northern and eastern Germany, and was also the official name for Saturday in East Germany. In the Westphalian dialects of Low Saxon, in East Frisian Low Saxon and in the Saterland Frisian language, Saturday is called Satertag, also akin to Dutch Zaterdag, which has the same linguistic roots as the English word Saturday.

Similarly, the Romance languages follow the Greek usage, so that their word for “Saturday” is also a variation on “Sabbath”: the Italian is sabato, the French is samedi, the Spanish and Portuguese is sábado and the Romanian is sâmbătă.

The modern Maori name for it, Rahoroi, means “washing-day”. For other languages, see Days of the week Planetary table.

Position in the week
The three Abrahamic religions, via their original languages, regard Saturday as the seventh day of the week (Judaism via Hebrew, Christianity via Ecclesiastical Latin, and Islam via Arabic) by naming Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday as the second through fifth days of the week. This is concordant with the European Pagan tradition, which named the days of the week after the seven Classical planets (in order Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn), naming the first day of the week for the Sun, perceived as most important, and moving to those perceived as lesser.

The Slavic languages of Eastern Europe regard Saturday as the sixth day of the week by naming Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday as the second, fourth, and fifth days of the week, although their name for Wednesday, middle, would imply that Saturday is the seventh day of the week.

Beginning in the twentieth century, many Europeans have considered Saturday the sixth (penultimate) day of the week, and Sunday the last[citation needed]. This current European labour-oriented convention has been formalized by ISO 8601 which is used by businesses such as airlines in drawing up timetables, etc

Source

The Pagan Calendar