Magickal Intentions:
Communication, Divination, Writing, Knowledge, Business Transactions, Debt, Fear,Loss, Travel, Money MattersIncense:
Jasmine
Lavender
Sweet Pea
Planet:
Mercury
Chiron
Sign:
Virgo
Colors:
Orange
Light Blue
Grey
Yellow
Violet
Herbs/Plants:
Fern
Lavender
Hazel
Cherry
Perriwinkle
Stones:
Aventurine
Bloodstone
Hematitie
Moss Agate
Sodalite
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 June 1
Explanation: It wasn’t the storm of the century — but it was a night to remember. Last night was the peak of the Tau Herculids meteor shower, a usually modest dribble of occasional meteors originating from the disintegrating Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. This year, calculations showed that the Earth might be passing through a particularly dense stream of comet debris — at best creating a storm of bright meteors streaking out from the constellation of Hercules. What actually happened fell short of a meteor storm, but could be called a decent meteor shower. Featured here is a composite image taken at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, USA accumulated over 2.5 hours very late on May 30. Over that time, 19 Tau Herculids meteors were captured, along with 4 unrelated meteors. (Can you find them?) In the near foreground is the Bok 2.3-meter Telescope with the 4.0-meter Mayall Telescope just behind it. Next year, the annual Tau Herculids are expected to return to its normal low rate, with the next active night forecast for 2049.
4000 BC Approximate domestication of the horse in the Eurasian steppes near Dereivka, central Ukraine (hypothesis only)
1215 Peking [Beijing], then a city of over one million, under control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured and looted for a month by the Mongols under Genghis Khan
1676 Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79)
1964 Kenya becomes a republic with Jomo Kenyatta as its 1st President
1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union’s monetary policy
4000 BC Approximate domestication of the horse in the Eurasian steppes near Dereivka, central Ukraine (hypothesis only)
193 Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated.
794 Charles the Great (aka Charlemagne) opens general synod in Frankfurt
1204 King Philip Augustus of France conquers Rouen
1215 Peking [Beijing], then a city of over one million, under control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured and looted for a month by the Mongols under Genghis Khan
1283 Albrecht I van Habsburg becomes ruler of Austrian/Bull market
1283 Treaty of Rheinfelden: Duke Rudolph II of Austria waives his right to the Duchies of Austria and Styria
1459 Pope Pius II opens congress of Mantua
1936 “Lux Radio Theater” moved from NYC to Hollywood
1939 First major boxing match on US television is the heavyweight bout from NY’s Yankee Stadium between former world champion Max Baer and Lou Nova; Nova wins by TKO in 11th round
1949 KSL TV channel 5 in Salt Lake City, UT (CBS) begins broadcasting
1950 WKZO (now WWMT) TV channel 3 in Kalamazoo, MI (CBS) 1st broadcast
1953 KMJ (now KSEE) TV channel 24 in Fresno, CA (NBC) begins broadcasting
1953 WDAY TV channel 6 in Fargo, ND (ABC/NBC) begins broadcasting
1960 WDTV TV channel 5 in Clarksburg-Weston, WV (CBS) begins broadcasting
1969 Tobacco advertising is banned on Canadian radio & TV
1893 Opera “Falstaff” is produced (Berlin)
1960 “Finian’s Rainbow” closes at 46th St Theater NYC after 12 performances
1963 “El Watusi” by Ray Barreto hits #17
1964 Rolling Stones arrive in New York’s Kennedy International Airport for 1st US tour, greeted by about 500 fans
1966 George Harrison is impressed by sitarist Ravi Shankar‘s concert in London
1967 EMI releases The Beatles’ album “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” nation-wide in the UK; it goes to number one for 22 weeks in the UK
1968 Simon & Garfunkel’s single “Mrs Robinson” from “The Graduate” hits #1 (first rock song to win Grammy for Record of the Year)
1970 “Everything Is Beautiful” by Ray Stevens hits #1
1872 6th Belmont: James Roe aboard Joe Daniels wins in 2:58.25
1881 Ridden by outstanding English jockey Fred Archer, Iroquois wins the Epsom Derby to become first American-owned and bred horse to take out a European classic race
1899 English cricket icon W. G. Grace starts 22nd and final Test against Australia at Nottingham; Test debut of Wilfred Rhodes and Victor Trumper
1910 Sportclub Enschede soccer club forms in Enschede, Netherlands; merge with Enschedese Boys to form FC Twente in 1965
1912 Dutch soccer club Stormvogels forms in Ijmuiden; merges with VSV to form Telstar in 1963
1917 Boston Braves first baseman Hank Gowdy is first active MLB player to enlist for service in World War I; only player to fight in both World War I & II
1918 Chicago White Sox losing 5-4 against NY Yankees, load the bases in 9th with no outs; Chick Gandil lines to Frank Baker who turns a rare game winning triple play
1920 Dutch soccer club RKSV forms in Volendam; merges with FC Volendam in 1977
Some terms listed on this page may seem like common-sense words; however, they’re defined here as most often used in Wicca, Witchcraft, and general Paganism. Some terms have a different meaning in general society, other religions, and other sub-cultures.
Please keep this in mind when learning the terms as they’re listed here.
Did you come across a term on this site or another Wiccan/Pagan source that you’re unfamiliar with or uncertain of and can’t find it on this page? Please send us a message so we can add it to this page for you!
If you already know what term you’re looking for, you can use Ctrl-F (Windows) or Cmd-F (Mac) to search. Likewise, if you’re using a tablet or smartphone, you may use your browser’s “Find” setting to search this page.
Familiars and a Pet…NOT the same thing. Nor should you want your beloved pet to be your Familiar. For a modern witch to lay claim to a Familiar spirit, the animal must have made a pact with the witch.
Until we meet again dear sisters, brothers, and honored guests may you blessed be.
You can tweak this spell to use it for many different things.
Items needed for this spell:
2 pennies
Your hands
Take two pennies in your hands and shake them, fairly hard. While doing this, say this chant three times:
“Penny, Penny, Penny.
I’m shaking these pennies.
And all is fun. In a snap,
I need this done.
Sending this out in a run.
I will slap
These, two pennies, down, into one.”
After this chant, throw the pennies on-top of each other, on the ground. The hardness of the throw and the clanking of the pennies will send out the serious urgency of your spell.
A Witch’s Week of Spells and Activities
Helga C. Loueen
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 May 31
Explanation: The launch of a rocket at sunrise can result in unusual but intriguing images that feature both the rocket and the Sun. Such was the case last month when a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasted off from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center carrying 53 more Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit. In the featured launch picture, the rocket’s exhaust plume glows beyond its projection onto the distant Sun, the rocket itself appears oddly jagged, and the Sun’s lower edge shows peculiar drip-like ripples. The physical cause of all of these effects is pockets of relatively hot or rarefied air deflecting sunlight less strongly than pockets relatively cool or compressed air: refraction. Unaware of the Earthly show, active sunspot region 3014 — on the upper left — slowly crosses the Sun.
1279 BC Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great becomes Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (19th Dynasty)
1578 Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, to Frobisher Bay, Canada. Eventually mines fools gold, famously used to pave the streets of London.
1902 Boer War Ends; Treaty of Unity signed, Britain annexes Transvaal
1910 Union of South Africa declares its independence from the United Kingdom
1916 Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. German fleet never puts to sea again in WWI.
1935 7.7 magnitude earthquake destroys Quetta in Balochistan, British India (now Pakistan) killing an estimated 40,000 people
1947 Communists seize power in Hungary
1970 7.75 Ancash earthquake off coast of Peru kills 66-70,000 and sets off world’s deadliest avalanche
1279 BC Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great becomes Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (19th Dynasty)
70 Rome captures 1st wall of the city of Jerusalem
1223 Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol force led by Jebei and Subedei defeat a Russian alliance, after feigning their retreat, leading to the death of 20,000 Russians
1417 Jacoba of Bavaria becomes countess of Holland/Zealand/Henegouwen
1495 Emperor Maximilian, Pope Alexander VI, Milan, King Ferdinand, Isabella & Venice sign anti-French Saint League
1531 “Women’s Revolt” in Amsterdam: wool house in churchyard aborted
1578 Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, to Frobisher Bay, Canada. Eventually mines fools gold, famously used to pave the streets of London.
1621 Sir Francis Bacon imprisoned in the Tower of London for 1 night
1953 WSUN TV channel 38 in St Petersburg-Tampa, FL (IND) 1st broadcast
1962 “Tell It To Groucho” last airs on CBS-TV
1965 12th National Film Awards (India): “Charulata” wins the Golden Lotus
1968 Movie star James Stewart retires from the US Air Force after 27 years of service
1970 KDUB TV channel 40 in Dubuque, IA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1971 WDXR (now WKPD) TV channel 29 in Paducah, KY (PBS) begins broadcasting
1992 “The 1992 Boat Show” – the 193rd and final episode of US comedy series “Night Court” – airs on NBC-TV, completing a 9 season run
2004 “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”, the 3rd film based on the books by J. K. Rowling is released in UK cinemas
1958 Dick Dale invents “surf music” with “Let’s Go Trippin”
1961 Chuck Berry‘s amusement park, Berryland in St Louis, Missouri opens
1969 “Dear World” closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC after 132 performances
1969 “Gitarzan” by Ray Stevens peaks at #8
1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono record “Give Peace a Chance” in a Montreal hotel, during their second ‘bed-in’ for peace
1969 Stevie Wonder releases the single “My Cherie Amour” which goes on to become a soul classic
1975 “Goodtime Charley” closes at Palace Theater NYC after 104 performances
1975 “Fight the Power” single released by The Isley Brothers (Billboard Song of the Year, 1975)
1859 Philadelphia A’s organize to play “town ball” became baseball 20 years later
1868 Dr James Moore (UK) wins 1st recorded bicycle race, (2k) velocipede race at Parc fde St Cloud, Paris
1880 League of American Wheelmen (1st US bicycle association), forms in Newport, Rhode Island
1900 Tom Hayward scores 1,000th cricket run of season (sets record 1074)
1902 Australia Cricket all out 36 v England, Edgbaston, their lowest ever
1914 Chicago White Sox Joe Benz no-hits Cleveland Indians, 6-1
1915 Indianapolis 500: Italian-born American driver Ralph DePalma accompanied by riding mechanic Louis Fontaine wins from Englishman Dario Resta
1919 Indianapolis 500: Howdy Wilcox accompanied by riding mechanic Leo Banks win; driver Arthur Thurman dies in a crash on lap 45; lap 96, Louis LeCocq and riding mechanic Robert Bandini wrecked in turn 2, both burned to death
Some terms listed on this page may seem like common-sense words; however, they’re defined here as most often used in Wicca, Witchcraft, and general Paganism. Some terms have a different meaning in general society, other religions, and other sub-cultures.
Please keep this in mind when learning the terms as they’re listed here.
Did you come across a term on this site or another Wiccan/Pagan source that you’re unfamiliar with or uncertain of and can’t find it on this page? Please send us a message so we can add it to this page for you!
If you already know what term you’re looking for, you can use Ctrl-F (Windows) or Cmd-F (Mac) to search. Likewise, if you’re using a tablet or smartphone, you may use your browser’s “Find” setting to search this page.
Until we meet again dear sisters, brothers, and honored guests may you blessed be.
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 May 30
Explanation: What’s happening behind that island? Things both expected and unexpected. Expected, perhaps, the pictured rays of light — called crepuscular rays — originate from the Sun. Unexpected, though, the Sun was being partially eclipsed by the Moon at the time — late last month. Expected, perhaps, the Sun’s rays are quite bright as they shine through gaps in below-horizon clouds. Unexpected, though, the crepuscular rays are quite red, likely the result an abundance of aerosols in Earth’s atmosphere scattering away much of the blue light. Expected, with hope, a memorable scene featuring both the Moon and the Sun, superposed. Unfortunately, from this location — in Uruguay looking toward Argentina — clouds obscured the eclipse — which wasn’t completely unexpected. However, after packing up to go home, the beauty of bright red crepuscular rays emerged — quite unexpectedly. Oh — and that island on the horizon — it’s really two islands.
1431 Hundred Years’ War: 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France
1539 Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto‘s expedition of 10 ships and 700 men lands in Florida
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo between US and Mexico comes into force, giving New Mexico, California and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Colorado to the US in return for $15 million
1868 “Decoration Day”, later called Memorial Day is first observed in Northern US states
1896 Khodynka Tragedy: Stampeding crowd on Khodynka Field, Moscow, during the festivities for coronation of Russian Tsar Nicholas II, results in the deaths of about 1,300 people
1913 Treaty of London signed by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and the victorious Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Montenegro) bringing an end to the First Balkan War
1035 Boudouin V van Rijsel becomes earl of Flanders
1087 German emperor Henry IV crowns his son Conrad
1100 Burchard becomes bishop of Utrecht
1381 English peasant uprising begins in Essex
1416 Jerome of Prague burned at the stake for heresy by church Council of Constance
1431 Hundred Years’ War: 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France
1434 The Battle of Lipany (also called the Battle of Česky Brod), ending Taborites influence
1445 Coronation as Margaret of Anjou as Queen Consort of England at Westminster Abbey
1949 WRTV TV channel 6 in Indianapolis, IN (ABC) begins broadcasting
1955 KMVT TV channel 11 in Twin Falls, ID (CBS/NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting
1978 31st Cannes Film Festival: “The Tree of Wooden Clogs” directed by Ermanno Olmi wins the Palme d’Or
1981 “Nightline” extends from 4 nights to 5 nights a week (Friday)
1987 North American Philips Company unveils compact disc video
1989 Margaret Ray pleads guilty to breaking into David Letterman‘s house
1996 John Tesh’s final day as host of “Entertainment Tonight”
2000 35th Academy of Country Music Awards: Shania Twain, Faith Hill & Tim McGraw win
1866 Opera “Die Verkaufte Braut” premieres (Prague)
1917 Jazz standard “Dark Town Strutters Ball” by Shelton Brooks recorded by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band
1923 Howard Hanson‘s 1st Symphony “Nordic” premieres
1938 Walter Piston‘s dance work, The Incredible Flutist, written for the Boston Pops Orchestra, which premieres it, Arthur Fiedler conducting
1952 Darius Milhaud‘s “West Point Suite” premieres
1959 “First Impressions” closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 84 performances
1959 “Nervous Set” closes at Henry Miller‘s Theater NYC after 23 performances
1962 Benjamin Britten‘s “War Requiem” incorporating the poems of Wilfred Owen premieres, marking the consecration of the new Coventry Cathedral
1890 First baseman Dave Foutz hits Brooklyn Bridegrooms’ (later Dodgers) first ever home run during doubleheader defeats to Chicago Colts at Washington Park, Brooklyn
1894 Boston Beaneaters baseball second baseman Bobby Lowe first to hit 4 home runs in MLB game in 20-11 win against Cincinnati Reds
1895 English cricket icon W. G. Grace scores 169 for Gloucestershire against Middlesex at Lord’s for his 1,000th first-class run of the season in just 22 days
1896 First car accident occurs; Henry Wells hits a cyclist in NYC
1899 24th Preakness: R Clawson aboard Half Time wins in 1:47
1903 28th Preakness: W Gannon aboard Flocarline wins in 1:44.8
1906 40th Belmont: Lucien Lyne aboard Burgomaster wins in 2:20
1907 41st Belmont Stakes: George Mountain aboard 3 year old stallion Peter Pan wins
Some terms listed on this page may seem like common-sense words; however, they’re defined here as most often used in Wicca, Witchcraft, and general Paganism. Some terms have a different meaning in general society, other religions, and other sub-cultures.
Please keep this in mind when learning the terms as they’re listed here.
Did you come across a term on this site or another Wiccan/Pagan source that you’re unfamiliar with or uncertain of and can’t find it on this page? Please send us a message so we can add it to this page for you!
If you already know what term you’re looking for, you can use Ctrl-F (Windows) or Cmd-F (Mac) to search. Likewise, if you’re using a tablet or smartphone, you may use your browser’s “Find” setting to search this page.
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 May 29
Explanation: How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves too slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to help find out. A recent effort is TNG50 from IllustrisTNG, an upgrade of the famous Illustris Simulation. The first part of the featured video tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen) as it evolves into galaxies and galaxy clusters from the early universe to today, with brighter colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls into gravitational wells, galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies collide and merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers and expel surrounding gas at high speeds. The second half of the video switches to tracking stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together complete with tidal tails and stellar streams. The outflow from black holes in TNG50 is surprisingly complex and details are being compared with our real universe. Studying how gas coalesced in the early universe helps humanity better understand how our Earth, Sun, and Solar System originally formed.
1453 Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire falls to the Turks under Mehmed II; ends the Byzantine Empire
1592 Battle of Sacheon: Korean navy led by Admiral Yi Sun Shin repels a Japanese fleet – first use of Korean Turtle ship
1660 On his 30th birthday Charles II returns to London from exile in the Netherlands to claim the English throne after the Puritan Commonwealth comes to an end
1851 Sojourner Truth addresses 1st Black Women’s Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio
1953 Edmund Hillary (NZ) and Tenzing Norgay (Nepal) are first to reach the summit of Mount Everest as part of a British Expedition
363 Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sassanid capital, but is unable to take the city
757 St Paul I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1138 Anti-Pope Victor IV (Gregorio) submits himself to Pope Innocentius II
1167 Battle of Monte Porzio: Holy Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel
1176 Battle at Legnano: Lombard League beats Frederick Barbarossa and the Holy Roman Empire
1233 Chinese city of Kaifeng, capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, surrenders to the Mongols under General Subedei after a siege of more than a year
1328 French King Philip VI of Valois crowned at the Cathedral in Reims, France
1415 Pope John XXIII [Baldassare Cossa] formally deposed as Pope at the Conference of Constance, Germany, after he had fled the town in disguise
1942 Bing Crosby records Irving Berlin’s song “White Christmas”, world’s best-selling single (estimated 100 million copies sold)
1942 “Yankee Doodle Dandy”, based on life of George M. Cohan, directed by Michael Curtiz, starring James Cagney and Joan Lesley, premieres in NYC (Academy Awards Best Actor 1943)
1949 Candid Camera, TV comedy show, moves to NBC
1949 1st British Film and Television Awards (BAFTAs): “The Best Years of Our Lives” Best Film
1949 2nd British Film and Television Awards (BAFTAs): “Hamlet” Best Film
1950 3rd British Film and Television Awards (BAFTAs): “Bicycle Thieves” Best Film
1956 WESH TV channel 2 in Daytona Beach-Orlando, FL (NBC) 1st broadcast
1961 “A Raisin in the Sun”, film adaptation of Lorraine Hansberry’s stage play, starring the Broadway cast including Sidney Poitier, Ruby Dee, John Fiedler, and Ivan Dixon premieres
1753 Joseph Haydn’s first opera “Krumme Teufel” (The Limping Devil) premieres in Vienna
1901 Ignacy Jan Paderewski‘s opera “Manru” has its world premiere in Dresden, Germany
1913 Igor Stravinsky‘s avant-garde ballet score “Le Sacre du Printemps” (The Rite of Spring) for the Ballets Russes premieres at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, provoking a riot
1950 The Carter family debut on the Grand Ole Opry with Chet Atkins
1956 Arnold Schoenberg‘s “Modern Psalm” premieres
1960 Everly Brothers single “Cathy’s Clown” hits #1
1962 4th Grammy Awards: Moon River, Peter Nero win
1971 “Court Room” by Clarence Carter hits #61
1897 31st Belmont: Joe Scherrer aboard Scottish Chieftain wins in 2:23.25
1900 25th Preakness: H Spencer aboard Hindus wins in 1:48.4
1916 NY Giants win 17th consecutive road game
1922 US Supreme Court rules organized baseball is a sport and not a business and thus not subject to antitrust laws
1940 Adolf Kiefer swims world record 100 yards backstroke (58.8 sec)
1948 French Championships Men’s Tennis: Frank Parker wins 1st of 2 straight French titles; beats Jaroslav Drobný 6-4, 7-5, 5-7, 8-6
1948 French Championships Women’s Tennis: Belgium-born but representing France, Nelly Landry beats American Shirley Fry 6-2, 0-6, 6-0 for her lone major title
1954 French Championships Men’s Tennis: Tony Trabert beats Art Larsen 6-4, 7-5, 6-1 for first of 2 straight French singles titles
Witches Of The Craft® 
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