
Until we meet again dear sisters, brothers, and honored guests may your life be filled with all things positive!

Until we meet again dear sisters, brothers, and honored guests may your life be filled with all things positive!
1492 Christopher Columbus sets sail on his first voyage with three ships, Santa María, Pinta and Niña from Palos de la Frontera, Spain for the “Indies”
1596 David Fabricius discovers light variation of Mira (1st variable star)
1914 Germany invades Belgium and declares war on France, beginning World War I
1934 Adolf Hitler merges the offices of German Chancellor and President, declaring himself “Führer” (leader)
1972 US Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union to limit the use of missile systems capable of defending against missile-delivered nuclear weapons

8 Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus
435 Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt
881 Battle at Saucourt: French King Louis III beats the Vikings
1108 Louis VI, “the Fat One,” King of France, crowned at the cathedral in Orléans after his half brother prevents him reaching Reims
1312 Power of Luik Patriarch murders over 200
1492 Christopher Columbus sets sail on his first voyage with three ships, Santa María, Pinta and Niña from Palos de la Frontera, Spain for the “Indies”
1527 First known letter sent from North America by John Rut while at St. John’s, Newfoundland
1529 “Peace of the Ladies” (Treaty of Cambrai) made between Holy Roman Empire and the French, negotiated by Louise of Savoy and Margaret of Austria

1940 German occupiers forbid ritual slaughters & English & French movies
1989 22nd San Diego Comic-Con International opens at Omni Hotel
1992 Paramount inaugurates New York Street on TV/movie lot
1992 “Unforgiven” directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Clint Eastwood, Gene Hackman and Morgan Freeman premieres in Los Angeles (Academy Awards Best Picture 1993)
1995 CNN en Espanol premieres
2001 “The Princess Diaries”, starring Anne Hathaway in her film debut, is released nationwide
2008 Morgan Freeman is injured in an automobile accident near Ruleville, Mississippi, when his car flipped over several times on the highway

1829 Gioachino Rossini‘s last and greatest opera “Guillaume Tell” (William Tell) premieres at Salle Le Peletier in Paris
1897 John McNally’s musical “Good Mr Best” premieres in NYC
1963 “No Strings” closes at 84th St Theater NYC after 580 performances
1963 Beatles final performance at Cavern Club in Liverpool
1966 South African government bans Beatle records
1968 100,000 attend two-day Newport Pop Festival in Costa Mesa, California; performers included Alice Cooper, Canned Heat, The Chambers Brothers, Country Joe and the Fish, Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Sonny & Cher, Steppenwolf, Tiny Tim, The Animals, Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and The Byrds
1971 Paul McCartney announces formation of his group Wings
1974 “Little Night Music” closes at Shubert Theater NYC after 601 performances

1852 America’s first intercollegiate sporting event takes place as the Harvard heavyweight rowing crew beats Yale by 2 lengths over 2 miles on Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire
1881 US National Lawn Tennis Association removes “National” from its name
1906 Washington Nationals’ Tom Hughes becomes first MLB pitcher to win a 1-0 extra innings game off his own home run in 10th v St. Louis Browns
1909 MLB umpire Tim Hurst instigates a riot by spitting in the face of A’s 2nd baseman Eddie Collins who had questioned a call; 2 weeks later Hurst banned for life
1914 NY Yankees catcher Les Nunamaker throws out 3 Tigers’ runners to 2nd base during the 1st innings, only time in 20th Century
1921 MLB Commissioner Kenesaw Landis hands out life bans to 8 Chicago White Sox players accused in Black Sox scandal despite their acquittal by a Chicago jury
1923 Baseball games cancelled following the death of US President Warren G. Harding
1924 Dutch track cyclist Piet Moeskops wins his 4th consecutive UCI world sprint championship in Paris
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 August 2

Explanation: Why does Saturn appear so big? It doesn’t — what is pictured are foreground clouds on Earth crossing in front of the Moon. The Moon shows a slight crescent phase with most of its surface visible by reflected Earthlight known as ashen glow. The Sun directly illuminates the brightly lit lunar crescent from the bottom, which means that the Sun must be below the horizon and so the image was taken before sunrise. This double take-inducing picture was captured on 2019 December 24, two days before the Moon slid in front of the Sun to create a solar eclipse. In the foreground, lights from small Guatemalan towns are visible behind the huge volcano Pacaya.
News: APOD Receives First Outreach Prize from the International Astronomical Union

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 July 31

Explanation: Why does this galaxy have a ring of bright blue stars? Beautiful island universe Messier 94 lies a mere 15 million light-years distant in the northern constellation of the Hunting Dogs (Canes Venatici). A popular target for Earth-based astronomers, the face-on spiral galaxy is about 30,000 light-years across, with spiral arms sweeping through the outskirts of its broad disk. But this Hubble Space Telescope field of view spans about 7,000 light-years across M94‘s central region. The featured close-up highlights the galaxy’s compact, bright nucleus, prominent inner dust lanes, and the remarkable bluish ring of young massive stars. The ring stars are all likely less than 10 million years old, indicating that M94 is a starburst galaxy that is experiencing an epoch of rapid star formation from inspiraling gas. The circular ripple of blue stars is likely a wave propagating outward, having been triggered by the gravity and rotation of a oval matter distributions. Because M94 is relatively nearby, astronomers can better explore details of its starburst ring.
30 BC Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves minor victory over Octavian, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to Octavian’s invasion of Egypt
1620 Pilgrim Fathers depart Leiden, Netherlands for England on their way to America
1917 World War I: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Battle of Ypres) begins, goes on to cause approximately 500,000 casualties
1961 Israel welcomes its one millionth immigrant
2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end

30 BC Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves minor victory over Octavian, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to Octavian’s invasion of Egypt
432 St Sixtus III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
768 [Philip] begins and ends his reign as Catholic Pope
781 The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781)
1291 Egyptian Mamelukken occupies Akko, crusaders driven out of Palestine
1415 The Southampton plot to assassinate English king Henry V and put Edmund Mortimer on the throne is uncovered
1423 Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Cravant – the French army is defeated by the English on the banks of the river Yonne in Burgundy

1912 US government prohibits movies and photos of prize fights (censorship)
1955 KRNT (now KCCI) TV channel 8 in Des Moines, Iowa (CBS) 1st broadcast
1955 WHIS (now WVVA) TV channel 6 in Bluefield, West Virginia (NBC) 1st broadcast
1960 KSOO (now KSFY) TV channel 13 in Sioux Falls, SD (NBC) 1st broadcast
1969 KWIH TV channel 44 in Winona, MN (IND) begins broadcasting
1970 Chet Huntley retires from NBC, ends “Huntley-Brinkley Report”
1974 6th San Diego Comic-Con International opens at El Cortez Hotel
1984 Leeza Gibbon’s 1st appearance on Entertainment Tonight

1786 “Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish dialect” by Robert Burns is published by John Wilson in Kilmarnock, Scotland
1948 “Brigadoon” closes at Ziegfeld Theater NYC after 581 performances
1959 Cliff Richard and the Shadows have their 1st British No. 1 single with “Living’ Doll” (biggest British single of 1959)
1966 Alabamans burn Beatle products due to John Lennon‘s anti-Jesus remark
1967 Rolling Stone Mick Jagger and Keith Richards end 1 month jail sentence
1968 The Beatles close Apple Boutique in London, giving clothes away for free
1979 “But Never Jam Today” opens at Longacre Theater NYC for 7 performances
1980 John Phillips of Mamas and Papas is arrested on drug charges

1910 Tour de France: Octave Lapize of France wins by just 4 points from Team Alcyon teammate François Faber of Luxembourg
1928 Halina Konopacka of Poland hurls discus world record 39.62m to win first gold medal in women’s Olympic athletics at the Amsterdam Games; American Lillian Copeland and Ruth Sveberg of Sweden take minor medals
1928 In the first women’s Olympic track event, American sprinter Elizabeth Robinson equals her own world record 12.2s to win 100m gold medal in Amsterdam; Canadians Fanny Rosenfeld & Ethel Smith dead-heat (12.3s)
1930 NY Yankees first baseman Lou Gehrig drives in 8 runs with a grand slam and 2 doubles in a 14-13 win over the rival Boston Red Sox
1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Paris, France: Home team wins 6th straight title as Jean Borotra beats American Wilmer Allison 1-6, 3-6, 6-4, 6-2, 7-5 for unassailable 3-1 lead; ends 3-2
1932 Cleveland Indians christen their new home, Municipal Stadium before more than 76,000 fans; lose opener, 1-0 to the Philadelphia A’s
1932 26th Tour de France: French cyclist André Leducq wins after tallying 6 stage victories; his second Tour triumph (1930)
1934 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Wimbledon: Fred Perry beats American Frank Shields 6-4, 4-6, 6-2, 15-13 to give Great Britain unassailable 3-1 lead to retain title; ends 4-1
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 July 30

Explanation: Get out your red/blue glasses and check out this stereo view from lunar orbit. The 3D anaglyph was created from two photographs (AS11-44-6633, AS11-44-6634) taken by astronaut Michael Collins during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission. It features the lunar module ascent stage, dubbed The Eagle, rising to meet the command module in lunar orbit on July 21. Aboard the ascent stage are Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, the first to walk on the Moon. The smooth, dark area on the lunar surface is Mare Smythii located just below the equator on the extreme eastern edge of the Moon’s near side. Poised beyond the lunar horizon is our fair planet Earth.
1178 Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, crowned King of Burgundy
1419 First defenestration of Prague: anti-Catholic Hussites, followers of executed reformer Jan Hus, storm Prague town hall and throw the judge, mayor and several city council members out the windows. They die in the fall or killed by crowd outside.
1619 House of Burgesses Virginia forms, 1st elective American governing body
1863 Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah
1869 The Charles, considered the world’s first “oil tanker”, departs from the United States headed for Europe with a bulk capacity of 7,000 barrels of oil
1935 1st Penguin book is published, starting the paperback revolution
1937 Russian Politburo issues NKVD Order no. 00447, to repress former kulak and anti-soviets, 269,100 to be arrested, 76,000 to be shot. Part of the Great Purge.

101 BC Battle of Vercellae: Roman army under Gaius Marius defeats the Cimbri in Cisalpine Gaul, ending the Celto-Germanic threat on Italy’s border with over 100,000 Cimbri killed
579 Benedict I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
657 St Vitalian begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Eugene I
762 City of Baghdad founded by abbasid caliph Al-Mansur, just north of ancient Baghdad
1178 Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, crowned King of Burgundy
1419 First defenestration of Prague: anti-Catholic Hussites, followers of executed reformer Jan Hus, storm Prague town hall and throw the judge, mayor and several city council members out the windows. They die in the fall or killed by crowd outside.
1537 Resistant of Bomy: French Dutch cease fire
1601 Spanish garrison of Rhine birch surrenders to Earl Mauritius

1930 1st broadcast of “Death Valley Days” on NBC-radio
1948 Professional wrestling premieres on prime-time network TV (DuMont)
1953 Rikidōzan holds a ceremony announcing the establishment of the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance
1969 Barbra Streisand opens for Liberace at International Hotel, Las Vegas
1969 KAEC TV channel 19 in Lufkin, Texas (ABC) begins broadcasting
1975 7th San Diego Comic-Con International opens at El Cortez Hotel
1976 Future TV personality (‘Keeping Up with the Kardashians’) and transgender figure, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlin Jenner) sets WR 8,618 points to win decathlon gold at Montreal Olympics
1977 “I Just Want to Be Your Everything” by Andy Gibb reaches number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100

1792 500 Marseillaisian men sing France’s national anthem for 1st time
1824 Gioachino Rossini becomes manager of Theatre Italian, Paris
1954 Elvis Presley joins the Memphis Federation of Musicians, Local 71
1965 Charles Ives‘ “From the Steeples & the Mountains” premieres
1965 Duke Ellington‘s “Golden Brown & the Green Apple” premieres
1966 Beatles’ “Yesterday… & Today” album goes #1 & stays #1 for 5 weeks
1971 George Harrison releases single “Bangladesh”
1972 “Ain’t Supposed to Die Death” closes at Barrymore NYC after 325 performances

1844 1st US yacht club – NY Yacht Club organized by John Cox Stevens and 8 friends aboard the Gimcrack
1874 1st baseball teams to play outside US, Boston-Philadelphia in British Isles
1884 Nonpareil Dempsey [John Edward Kelly] fights George Fulljames, possibly the 1st middleweight fight with boxing gloves
1905 3rd Tour de France won by Louis Trousselier of France
1908 Around the World Automobile Race ends in Paris
1909 John Heyder becomes president of baseball’s National League
1911 9th Tour de France won by Gustave Garrigou of France
1930 1st FIFA World Cup Final, Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay: Uruguay beats Argentina, 4-2 in the inaugural event
Magickal Intentions: Spirit Communications, Meditation, Psychic Attack or Defense, Locating Lost Things and Missing Persons, Building, Life, Doctrine, Protection, Knowledge, Authority, Limitations, Boundaries, Time and Death
Incense: Black Poppy Seed and Myrrh
Planet: Saturn
Sign: Capricorn and Aquarius
Angel: Cassel
Colors: Black, Grey and Indigo
Herbs/Plants: Myrrh, Moss, Hemlock, Wolfsbane, Coltsfoot, Nightshade and Fir
Stones: Jet, Smokey Quartz, Amethyst, Black Onyx, Snowflake Obsidian, Lava, Pumice
Oil: (Saturn) Cypress, Mimosa, Myrrh, Patchouli
Saturn lends its energies to the last day of the week. Because Saturn is the planet of karma, this day is an excellent time for spellwork involving reincarnation, karmic lessons, the Mysteries, wisdom, and long-term projects.
It is also a good time to being efforts that deal with the elderly, death, or the eradication of pests and disease.
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2022 July 29

Explanation: SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, is a Boeing 747SP aircraft modified to carry a large reflecting telescope into the stratosphere. The ability of the airborne facility to climb above about 99 percent of Earth’s infrared-blocking atmosphere has allowed researchers to observe from almost anywhere over the planet. On a science mission flying deep into the southern auroral oval, astronomer Ian Griffin, director of New Zealand’s Otago Museum, captured this view from the observatory’s south facing starboard side on July 17. Bright star Canopus shines in the southern night above curtains of aurora australis, or southern lights. The plane was flying far south of New Zealand at the time at roughly 62 degrees southern latitude. Unfortunately, after a landing at Christchurch severe weather damaged SOFIA requiring repairs and the cancellation of the remainder of its final southern hemisphere deployment.
1588 The Battle of Gravelines – Spanish Armada damaged and scattered by the English fleet
1609 Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs at Ticonderoga, New York setting the stage for French-Iroquois conflicts for the next 150 years
1848 Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt – an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule put down by police
1905 US Secretary of War William Howard Taft makes secret agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Katsura agreeing to Japanese free rein in Korea in return for non-interference with the US in the Philippines
1921 Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
1949 Moscow ends the blockade of West Berlin

362 Emperor Julianus of Constantinople’s “School Edict” prohibited Christian teachers from using pagan literature which were standard texts for classical education at the time
626 Avars under khagan Bajan begin siege of Constantinople (fails, preserving the eastern Roman empire)
904 Thessalonica is sacked by Saracen pirates led by renegade Leo of Tripoli
1014 Battle of Strumitsa-valley: Byzantine destroys Bulgarian armies
1030 Battle of Stiklestad – Norwegian King Olaf II killed trying to reclaim the throne. One of the most famous Norwegian battles
1179 Lando Sittino proclaimed (anti-)pope Innocent III
1221 Emperor Go-Horikawa aged only 10 years old ascends to the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan
1279 Five emissaries dispatched by Kublai Khan from the Mongol Yuan dynasty are beheaded by Japan

1928 Test footage first created for Walt Disney‘s “Steamboat Willie” with Mickey Mouse
1954 Publication of “Fellowship of the Ring” 1st volume of “Lord of the Rings” by J. R. R. Tolkien by George Allen and Unwin in London
1956 WCKT (now WSVN) TV channel 7 in Miami, Florida (IND) begins broadcasting
1957 Jack Paar‘s “The Tonight show” premieres on NBC
1965 Beatles movie “Help” premieres, Queen Elizabeth attends
1983 “Friday Night Videos” premieres on NBC TV
1988 South African government bans anti-apartheid film “Cry Freedom”
1992 Ray Sharkey, actor (Wiseguys), arrested for narcotic possession

1961 Bob Dylan is injured in car accident
1966 Bob Dylan hurt in motorcycle accident near Woodstock, New York
1973 Led Zeppelin has more than $200,000 in cash stolen from a safety-deposit box at the New York Hilton
1980 David Bowie stars in dramatic stage play “The Elephant Man” at the Auditorium Theater in Denver, Colorado
1987 Ben & Jerry’s and Jerry Garcia agree on new flavor: Cherry Garcia
1992 “Chinese Coffee” closes at Circle in the Square Theater, NYC, after 18 performances
1994 American minister and anti-abortionist Paul Jennings Hill murders Dr. John Britton and Britton’s bodyguard, retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel James Barrett, outside of an abortion clinic in Pensacola, Florida
2019 Record for longest run at the top of US singles chart made by country rap single “Old Town Road” by Lil Nas X remixed with Billy Ray Cyrus, No. 1 for 17 weeks

1751 1st international world title prize fight: Jack Stack of England, beats challenger M. Petit of France in 29 mins in England
1874 Major Walter Copton Wingfield patents a portable tennis court
1899 Southern California Golf Association forms
1906 4th Tour de France won by René Pottier of France
1908 St Louis Browns’ future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Rube Waddell strikes out 16 Philadelphia A’s in 5-4 win against his previous team at Sportsman’s Park II, St. Louis
1911 Boston Red Sox Joe Wood no-hits St Louis Browns, 5-0
1915 Pirate Honus Wagner at 41, hits a grand slam HR
1921 Cleveland’s 125th anniversary celebration: Cy Young, 54, pitches 2 inn
1794 French Revolutionary figure Maximilien robespierre and 22 other leaders of “the Terror” guillotined to thunderous cheers in Paris
1914 Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia – first declaration of war of WWI
1917 Silent Parade organised by James Weldon Johnson of 10,000 African-Americans who march on 5th Ave in NYC to protest against lynching
1943 Operation Gomorrah: RAF bombing over Hamburg causes a firestorm that kills 42,600 German civilians
1976 Tangshan Earthquake, 8.2 in magnitude kills over 240,000 Northern China in the largest loss of life from an earthquake in the 20th century
2005 The Provisional Irish Republican Army call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland

388 Battle at Aquileja: Emperor Theodosius beats emperor Magnus Maximis
754 Pope Stephen II, [III] makes Pippin de Korte, King of France
1148 Second Crusade: Crusaders abandon their siege of Damascus
1330 Battle of Velbuzd: Serbian forces defeats Bulgarian army
1434 Navigator Gil Eanes leaves Cape Bojador for Lisbon
1579 Cardinal Granvelle returns to Madrid
1586 Sir Thomas Harriot introduces potatoes to Europe on return to England
1609 Admiral George Somers settles in Bermuda

1932 “White Zombie” – 1st feature length zombie film directed by Victor Halperin and starring Bela Lugosi is released in the US
1951 Walt Disney‘s animated musical film “Alice In Wonderland” released
1954 “On the Waterfront”, directed by Elia Kazan starring Marlon Brando and Eva Marie Saint, is released (Academy Awards Best Picture 1955)
1957 Jerry Lee Lewis makes his 1st TV appearance (Steve Allen Show)
1971 Dutch ends censorship of “Blue Movie”
2014 Linda Ronstadt receives the National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama in a White House ceremony. [1]
2019 Meghan Duchess of Sussex, revealed as the first guest editor for UK Vogue in 103 years for its September 2019 issue

1914 Foxtrot 1st danced at New Amsterdam Roof Garden, in NYC, by Harry Fox
1933 1st singing telegram delivered (to Rudy Vallee), NYC
1951 Cole Porter‘s musical “Kiss Me, Kate”, an adaptation of Shakespeare’s ” The Taming of the Shrew”, closes at New Century Theater NYC after 1077 performances
1954 Ernest Bloch’s 4th string quartet premieres
1978 600,000 attend the “Summer Jam” rock festival at Watkins Glen, New York, at the time the largest ever audience at a pop festival
1989 Gloria Estefan releases her debut solo album “Cuts Both Ways”
1991 “Gypsy” closes at Marquis Theater NYC after 105 performances
1992 R&B singer Mary J. Blige releases her debut album “What’s the 411?”, with production by Puff Daddy

1906 Yankees turn triple-play, beat Cleveland 6-4
1912 10th Tour de France won by Odile Defraye of Belgium
1928 IX Summer Olympic Games open in Amsterdam, Netherlands
1929 Chicago Cardinals become 1st NFL team to train out of state (Michigan)
1929 24th Davis Cup: France beats USA in Paris (3-2)
1929 23rd Tour de France won by Maurice De Waele of Belgium
1929 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Paris, France: Home team wins 3 straight titles as Henri Cochet beats American George Lott 6-1, 3-6, 6-0, 6-3 for a 3-2 victory
1931 White Sox score 11 in 8th to beat Yankees 14-12
Planet: Jupiter
Element: Earth
Colors: Deep blue, purple green
Keywords: Expansion, Luck, Abundance, Protection, Stability, Joy, Pleasure, Employment, Leadership
Thursdays are perfect for spells for money and abundance. Anything that you are wanting to bring in more of will benefit from the expansive and abundant energy of Jupiter.
1586 Walter Raleigh brings the 1st tobacco to England from Virginia
1689 Battle of Killicrankie: Jacobite Scottish Highlanders under Viscount Dundee defeat royalist force under General MacKay
1789 US Congress establishes Department of Foreign Affairs now referred to as the State Department
1866 transatlantic telegraph cable successfully in second attempt comes ashore at Heart’s Content, Newfoundland laid out by Isambard Kingdom Brunel‘s Great Eastern steamship (1,686 miles long)
1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin at the University of Toronto

432 St Celestine I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1214 1st battle of Bouvines – King Philip II of France vs Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV and King John of England; as a result John lost Normandy and his other possessions in France (hence his nickname John “Lackland”)
1230 Treaty of San Germano between Emperor Frederik II & Pope Gregory IX
1280 Sogen Mugaku, founder of Engakuji temple, arrives in Japan from China
1298 Albert (Albrecht) I, son of Rudolf of Habsburg, crowned King of the Germans
1360 Danish King Waldemar IV destroys Visby, Gotland
1377 First example of quarantine in Rugusa (now Dubroknik); city council passes law saying newcomers from plague areas must isolation for 30 days (later 40 days, quaranta in Italian)
1501 Nicolaus Copernicus formally installed as a canon of Frauenberg Cathedral

1940 Bugs Bunny, Warner Bros. cartoon character created by Tex Avery, Bob Givens (Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series), first debuts in “Wild Hare”
1990 Zsa Zsa Gabor begins a 3 day jail sentence for slapping a police officer in Beverly Hills
1993 NBC TV awarded 1996 Olympic coverage for $456 million
1995 28th San Diego Comic-Con International opens at San Diego Convention Center
2007 Two News helicopters from Phoenix, Arizona television stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Steele Indian School Park in central Phoenix while covering a police chase; there were no survivors. Worst civil aviation incident in Phoenix history.
2018 CBS Chairman Leslie Moonves is accused of sexual misconduct in the “New Yorker” by journalist Ronan Farrow

1940 Billboard magazine starts publishing bestseller charts
1957 St James’ Theatre in London closes
1977 John Lennon is granted a green card for permanent residence in US
1979 “Broadway Opry ’79” opens at St James Theater NYC for 6 performances
1982 Alan Menken and Howard Ashman’s musical “Little Shop of Horrors” opens Off-Broadway at the Orpheum Theatre in NYC
1997 “Candide” closes at Gershwin Theater NYC after 103 performances
1997 “Victor/Victoria” closes at Marquis Theater NYC after 738 performances
2018 American singer-songwriter Neil Diamond gives a small thank-you concert to firefighters near his home in Colorado

1913 11th Tour de France won by Philippe Thys of Belgium
1913 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Wimbledon, England: Maurice McLoughlin beats Charles Dixon 8-6, 6-3, 6-2 to give US an unassailable 3-1 lead over the British Isles; US wins, 3-2
1914 Roda JC soccer team forms in Kerkrade
1919 13th Tour de France won by Firmin Lambot of Belgium
1920 Resolute beats Shamrock IV (England) in 14th running of America’s Cup
1920 14th Tour de France: Belgian rider Philippe Thys becomes first to win the race 3 times
1924 VIII Summer Olympic Games close in Paris, France
1927 Mel Ott, 18, hits his 1st league home run (inside the park)
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