Tag: Pagan Knowledge

June 25 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1678 Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is awarded a doctorate of philosophy from the University of Padua, 1st woman to receive a university doctoral degree or PhD

1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: US 7th Cavalry under Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in what has become famously known as “Custer’s Last Stand”

1929 US President Herbert Hoover authorizes building of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)

1950 north korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War

2021 WHO head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus confirms the COVID-19 Delta variant is the most transmissible to date, now present in 85 countries and spreading rapidly [1]

Today’s Historical Events

253 St Lucius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope

524 Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians

841 Battle at Fontenay: Louis & Charles beat their brother Lotharius I

1080 Wibbert of Ravenna chosen as anti-pope Clemens III

1096 1st Crusade slaughter Jews of Werelinghofen Germany

1139 Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques (later Afonso I of Portugal) defeats Moors

1183 Peace of Konstanz signed between Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Italian Lombard League

1243 Sinibaldo dei Fieschi elected as Pope Innocentius IV

Today’s Historical Events in Film and TV

1949 “Long-Haired Hare”, animated short starring Bugs Bunny, is released in theaters

1951 1st color TV broadcast, CBS’ Arthur Godfrey from NYC to 4 cities

1955 “Imogene Coca Show” last airs on NBC-TV

1956 WKNO TV channel 10 in Memphis, Tennessee (PBS) begins broadcasting

1957 “Jonathan Winters Show” last airs on NBC-TV

1960 Lorraine Hansberry’s stage drama “A Raisin in the Sun”, 1st Broadway play by a black woman, starring Ruby Dee and Sidney Poitier, closes at the Belasco Theatre, NYC, after 530 performances

1965 15th Berlin International Film Festival: “Alphaville” wins the Golden Bear

1967 KPBS TV channel 15 in San Diego, CA (PBS) begins broadcasting

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1821 Carl Maria von Weber‘s “Konzertstück in f, for Piano and Orchestra” premieres

1910 Igor Stravinsky‘s ballet “The Firebird” for the Ballets Russes premieres at the Opéra de Paris, Paris

1938 “A Tisket A Tasket” by Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb hits #1

1950 Johnny Pramesa (Reds) and Hank Thompson (Giants) hit inside the park HRs

1955 “Can Can” closes at Shubert Theater NYC after 892 performances

1964 WMCA (NYC) plays Beatles’ Hard Days Night Album (10 days prior to its scheduled release date), they decide to release it June 26th

1966 Beatles’ “Paperback Writer” single goes #1 & stays #1 for 2 weeks

1966 Dmitri Shostakovich‘s 13th Symphony, premieres in Leningrad

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1892 US National Championship Women’s Tennis, Philadelphia Cricket Club: Defending champion Mabel Cahill beats Elisabeth Moore 5-7, 6-3, 6-4, 4-6, 6-2

1903 NY Yanks & Chicago White Sox end deadlocked game at 6-6 in 18

1903 Boston Beaneater Wiley Piatt is only 20th-century pitcher to lose 2 complete games in one day, falling to Pittsburgh 1-0 & 5-3

1904 US National Championship Women’s Tennis, Philadelphia CC: May Sutton beats defending champion Elisabeth Moore 6-1, 6-2 for her first of 3 major titles

1909 US Open Men’s Golf, Englewood GC: Englishman George Sargent sets a new Open scoring record to win his only major title, 4 strokes ahead of runner-up Tom McNamara

1912 British Open Men’s Golf, Muirfield: Ted Ray wins wire-to-wire by 4 shots from defending champion Harry Vardon

1921 British Open Men’s Golf, St Andrews: former local Jock Hutchison (resident in US) wins his only Open Championship by 9 strokes in a 36-hole playoff over amateur Roger Wethered

1926 British Open Men’s Golf, Royal Lytham & St Annes GC: American amateur Bobby Jones wins the first of his 3 Claret Jugs, 2 strokes clear of runner-up Al Watrous; 5th victory by an American in 6 years

June 25 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 25

Planets of the Solar System

Image Credit & Copyright: Antonio Canaveras, Chiara Tronci, Giovanni Esposito, Giuseppe Conzo, Luciana Guariglia, (Gruppo Astrofili Palidoro)

Explanation: Simultaneous images from four cameras were combined to construct this atmospheric predawn skyscape. The cooperative astro-panorama captures all the planets of the Solar System, just before sunrise on June 24. That foggy morning found innermost planet Mercury close to the horizon but just visible against the twilight, below and left of brilliant Venus. Along with the waning crescent Moon, the other bright naked-eye planets, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn lie near the ecliptic, arcing up and to the right across the wide field of view. Binoculars would have been required to spot the much fainter planets Uranus and Neptune, though they also were along the ecliptic in the sky. In the foreground are excavations at an ancient Roman villa near Marina di San Nicola, Italy, planet Earth.

Some of the Witchcraft/Magickal Correspondence Digest for Friday

Venus/Water/East/West/South/Dawn/Female/Libra/Taurus

Magickal Intentions: Love, Romance, Marriage, Sexual Matters, Physical Beauty, Friendship and Partnerships, Strangers, Heart

Color: aqua, blue, light blue, brown, green, pale green, magenta, peach, pink, rose, white, all pastels

Number: 5, 6

Metal: copper

Charm: green or white garments, scepter

Stone: alexandrite, amethyst, coral, diamond, emerald, jade, jet, black moonstone, peridot, smoky quartz, tiger’s-eye, pink tourmaline

Animal: camel, dove, elephant, goat, horse, pigeon, sparrow

Plant: apple, birch, cherry, clematis, clove, coriander, heather, hemlock, hibiscus, ivy, lotus, moss, myrtle, oats, pepperwort, peppermint, pinecone, quince, raspberry, rose, pink rose, red rose, rose hips, saffron, sage, savin, stephanotis, strawberry, thyme, vanilla, verbena, violet, water lily, yarrow, and all flowers

Incense: ambergris, camphor, mace, musk, myrrh, rose, saffron, sage, sandalwood, sweetgrass, vanilla, violet, all floral scents

Goddess: Aphrodite, Asherah, Baalith, Brigid, Erzulie, Freya (Passionate Queen), Frigg, Gefion, Harbor (Beautiful One), Hestia, Inanna, Ishtar (Lady of Passion and Desire), Lakshmi, Lilith, Mokosh, Nehalennia, Nerthus, Ostara, Pombagira, Sarasvati, Shakti, Shekinah, Sirtur, Al Uzza, Venus (Queen of Pleasure), Vesta

God: Allah, Bacchus, Bes, Cupid, the Dagda, Dionysus, El, Eros (God of Love), Freyr, Frit Ailek, Shukra

Evocation: Agrat Bat Mahalat, Anael, Hagiel, Mokosba, Rasbid, Sachiel, Uriel, Velas

Pagan and Magickal Terms and Definitions

Today’s Words are

Cense

and

Censer

From Spells8.com

To perfume something ritually with the odor of burning incense, such as a room, person, or object.

From moonlitpriestess.com

An incense burner: tool in Wicca and other witchcraft traditions associated with the Element of Air.

June 23 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 23

Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744

Image Credit & Copyright: Basudeb Chakrabarti, Telescope Live

Explanation: Beautiful spiral galaxy NGC 6744 is nearly 175,000 light-years across, larger than our own Milky Way. It lies some 30 million light-years distant in the southern constellation Pavo but appears as only a faint, extended object in small telescopes. We see the disk of the nearby island universe tilted towards our line of sight in this remarkably detailed galaxy portrait, a telescopic view that spans an area about the angular size of a full moon. In it, the giant galaxy’s elongated yellowish core is dominated by the light from old, cool stars. Beyond the core, grand spiral arms are filled with young blue star clusters and speckled with pinkish star forming regions. An extended arm sweeps past smaller satellite galaxy NGC 6744A at the lower right. NGC 6744’s galactic companion is reminiscent of the Milky Way’s satellite galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud.

June 24 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 24

Filaprom on the Western Limb

Image Credit & Copyright: Martin Wise

Explanation: A solar filament is an enormous stream of incandescent plasma suspended above the active surface of the Sun by looping magnetic fields. Seen against the solar disk it looks dark only because it’s a little cooler, and so slightly dimmer, than the solar photosphere. Suspended above the solar limb the same structure looks bright when viewed against the blackness of space and is called a solar prominence. A filaprom would be both of course, a stream of magnetized plasma that crosses in front of the solar disk and extends beyond the Sun’s edge. In this hydrogen-alpha close-up of the Sun captured on June 22, active region AR3038 is near the center of the frame. Active region AR3032 is seen at the far right, close to the Sun’s western limb. As AR3032 is carried by rotation toward the Sun’s visible edge, what was once a giant filament above it is now partly seen as a prominence, How big is AR3032’s filaprom? For scale planet Earth is shown near the top right corner.

Pagan and Magickal Terms and Definitions

Today’s Word is

Blot

From moonlitpriestess.com

In Heathenry, a formal ritual slaughter of livestock usually performed outdoors in honor of the Gods during very special occasions. The blood spilled may then be used in anointing and blessing of spaces and objects.

From Spells8.com

A communal event where animal sacrifice is used as an offering to a deity or god. Members of the ritual feast on the sacrifice in celebration. In today’s age, sacrificing a live animal is less common, there will be lots of good food and wine in its place.

Some of the Witchcraft/Magickal Correspondence Digest for Thursday

 

From Ancient Pathway

Magickal Intentions:
Luck, Happiness, Health, Legal Matters, Male Fertility, Treasure and Wealth, Honor, Riches, Clothing Desires, Leadership, Public Activity, Power, Success		 Incense:
Cinnamon
Musk
Nutmeg
Sage
Planet:
Jupiter		 Sign:
Sagittarius
Pisces		 Angel:
Sachiel
Colors:
Purple
Royal Blue
Indigo		 Herbs/Plants:
Cinnamon
Beech
Buttercup
Coltsfoot
Oak		 Stones:
Sugilite
Amethyst
Turquoise
Lapis Lazuli
Sapphire

Pagan and Magickal Terms and Definitions

Today’s Word is

Boline

From moonlitpriestess.com

A white-handled knife (sometimes curved, somewhat like a hand-held scythe) used for inscribing, harvesting herbs, etc. In some traditions, the boline is separate from the white-handled knife and used exclusively in the garden.

From Spells8.com

A small sacred knife used to cut items during a ritual. In contrast to the “Athame”, a “Boline” usually has a white handle.

June 22 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1633 Galileo Galilei forced to recant his Copernican views that the Earth orbits the Sun by the Pope (Vatican only admits it was wrong on Oct 31, 1992!)

1675 Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II

1772 Somerset v Stewart court case finds slavery unsupported by English common law, encouraging the abolitionist movement

1848 Beginning of the June Days uprising in Paris by French workers

1865 The CSS Shenandoah fires the last shot of the American Civil War in the Bering Strait to indicate surrender

Today’s Historical Events

217 BC Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom

168 BC Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War

431 Council of Ephesus (3rd ecumenical council) opens

816 Pope Stephen IV, [V] elected to succeed Leo III

1377 10-year-old Richard of Bordeaux succeeds his grandfather Edward III as Richard II, king of England

1476 Battle at Morat/Murten: Charles the Stout invades Switzerland

1497 Antitax insurrection in Cornwall suppressed at Blackheath

1533 Ferdinand of Austria and Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent sign peace treaty

Today’s Historical Events in Film and TV

1342 Fictional character of “The Hobbit” Bilbo Baggins returns to his home at Bag End, Shire Reckoning

1951 Gene Rayburn & Dee Finch show premieres on NBC radio

1955 Walt Disney‘s animated film “Lady & the Tramp” released

1956 6th Berlin International Film Festival: “Invitation to the Dance” wins Golden Bear

1962 12th Berlin International Film Festival: “A Kind of Loving” wins the Golden Bear

1970 WSWO TV channel 26 in Springfield, OH (ABC) suspends broadcasting

1973 23rd Berlin International Film Festival: “Distant Thunder” wins the Golden Bear

1977 Walt Disney’s “Rescuers” released, first Disney film to get a sequel

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1849 Stephen C Massett opens concert at San Francisco courthouse using only piano in California

1942 European broadcast première of Dmitri Shostakovich‘s 7th Symphony in London conducted by Sir Henry J. Wood and the London Philharmonic Orchestra

1959 “Along Came Jones” by The Coasters peaks at #9

1959 “Class” the first hit by Chubby Checker peaks at #38 in the US

1961 Beatles record “Ain’t She Sweet”, “Cry for a Shadow”, “When the Saints Go Marching In”, “Why”, “Nobody’s Child” & “My Bonnie”, in Hamburg, Germany

1963 “Little” Stevie Wonder aged 13 releases his first single “Fingertips” (first live non-studio recording to go to No. 1 on Billboard)

1968 “Here Come Da Judge” by The Buena Vistas peaks at #88

1969 Aretha Franklin arrested in Detroit for creating a disturbance

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1865 Acknowledged as 1st Class Cricket debut of Dr W. G. Grace; as a 16 year old he is dismissed for 0 playing for Gentlemen of South v Players of South at Kennington Oval, London

1874 Game of lawn tennis introduced

1889 Louisville Colonels set ML baseball record with 26th consecutive loss

1918 US National Championship Women’s Tennis, Forest Hills, NY: Molla Bjurstedt beats Eleanor Goss 6-4, 6-3 for her 4th consecutive US singles title

1921 Paavo Nurmi runs world record 10,000m (30:40.2)

1926 Cardinals pick up 39-year-old Grover Alexander on waivers from Cubs

1929 Mel Ott (Giants) homers off Leo Sweetland (Phillies) in doubleheader

1930 New York Yankees first baseman Lou Gehrig smashes 3 HRs in 20-13 win over Philadelphia A’s at Shibe Park

June 22 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 22

Supernova Remnant: The Veil Nebula

Image Credit & Copyright: Craig Stocks (Utah Desert Remote Observatories)

Explanation: Ten thousand years ago, before the dawn of recorded human history, a new light would have suddenly have appeared in the night sky and faded after a few weeks. Today we know this light was from a supernova, or exploding star, and record the expanding debris cloud as the Veil Nebula, a supernova remnant. Imaged with color filters featuring light emitted by sulfur (red), hydrogen (green), and oxygen (blue), this deep wide-angle view was processed to remove the stars and so better capture the impressive glowing filaments of the Veil. Also known as the Cygnus Loop, the Veil Nebula is roughly circular in shape and covers nearly 3 degrees on the sky toward the constellation of the Swan (Cygnus). Famous nebular sections include the Bat Nebula, the Witch’s Broom Nebula, and Fleming’s Triangular Wisp. The complete supernova remnant lies about 1,400 light-years away.

Happy Litha Blessings

Litha/Summer Solstice Correspondences

From FlyingTheHedge.com – Litha Correspondences

Symbolism: life, fire, rebirth, transformation, power, purity

Symbols: sun flowers, leaves, sword, spear, sun, God’s eye, sun wheels, bonfire, balefires, fire, sun dials, bird feathers, seashells,

Colors: red, gold, orange, yellow, white, green, blue

Food and Drink: mead, ale, summer fruits and vegetables, strawberries, honey cakes, whipped cream, oranges, lemons, summer squash, honey

Herbs: Saint John’s Wort, lavender, rose, peony, vervain, mugwort, chamomile, chickweed, chicory, sun flower, lily, thyme, hemp, fennel, nettle, wisteria, rue, fern, heather, oak, yarrow, holly

Deities: Ra, Bast, Helios, Oak King, Fotuna, Arinna, and other sun god.

Crystals and Gemstones: Lapis, diamond, tiger’s eye, emerald, jade, and other green stones

Animals: butterflies, wren, horse, stag, robin, cattle, phoenix, dragon, faeries, satyrs

Magic: Litha is the time to celebrate the Sun and all that he provides for us. Protection spells and fire magic are great to perform on this night. Make protective amulets to be empowered in the balefire lit on Midsummer’s eve. Looking to promote a transformation, a new career, or create a new or strengthen an old relationship? Litha is a great night to perform such magic. Collect herbs, especially St. John’s Wort, on the eve of this sabbat to bring luck and enhance the herbs’ power. Renew your wedding vows or just enjoy the time with your friends and family. This is also a great time to communicate with faeries and seek their help if you so wish. Be careful though. Faeries can be tricky.

Please note this is not a complete list but a brief overview of symbols, colors, herbs, deities, and the like. If I have missed something that you feel should make the list, please feel free to contact me via the comments or through email. Willow

Spell for Today – Midsummer’s Day Herb Gathering Spell

Midsummer’s Day is a traditional time for Witches in all parts of the world to gather herbs from their gardens or from the wild to use in potions, dream pillows, and other forms of spellcraft.  They may be dried and burned on a charcoal disc during your magick spell or ritual.  All herbs collected at Litha are considered to have extra magickal and healing properties. 

To be recited on Midsummer’s Day, thrice before and thrice after gathering herbs for magickal workings:

“Herbs of magick, herbs of power,
Root and bark, leaf and flower,
Work for me when charms are spoken,
Potions brewed and curses broken!”

Pagan and Magickal Terms and Definitions

Today’s Word is

Asperge

From moonlitpriestess.com

A bundle of fresh herbs or other object used to sprinkle consecrated water around the circle to purify the space; also, the person using the herb bundle.

From Spells8.com

To cleanse and purify a space. This is usually done by spraying water around a room or using an herbal bundle to cleanse the space.

June 21 Today in History

Today’s Important Historical Events

1788 US Constitution comes into effect when New Hampshire is the 9th state to ratify it

1854 First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands (Crimean War)

1948 Lord Mountbatten resigns as Governor General of India (formerly the last Viceroy)

1990 7.7 Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake with hundreds of aftershocks hits Iran; killing about 50,000

1993 English mathematician Andrew Wiles proves last theorem of Fermat

Today’s Historical Events

68 Roman General Vespasian conquers Jericho during the Great Jewish Revolt

524 Godomar, King of the Burgundians, defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce

1128 Battle of Akspoele: earl Willem of Normandy beats Diederik

1307 Külüg Khan is enthroned as Emperor of China and seventh Great Khan after defeating rival factions and succeeding his uncle Temür Khan

1498 Jews are expelled from Nurenberg Bavaria by Emperor Maximillian

1529 Queen Catherine Of England [Catherine of Aragon] speaks against her marriage’s annulment at the Blackfriars Legatine Court

1529 Battle of Landriano: Imperial-Spanish forces under Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova, beat a French army under Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol

1547 Great fire in Moscow, a third of the largely wooden city destroyed and 2-3,000 killed

Today’s Historical Events in Film and TV

1948 WNAC (now WHDH) TV channel 7 in Boston, MA (CBS) begins broadcasting

1957 7th Berlin International Film Festival: “12 Angry Men” wins Golden Bear

1963 13th Berlin International Film Festival: “The Devil” and “Bushido: The Cruel Code of the Samurai” win the Golden Bear (tie)

1966 “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?”, directed by Mike Nichols and based on the 1962 play of the same name, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, is released (Academy Awards Best Actress 1967)

1968 18th Berlin International Film Festival: “Who Saw Him Die?” wins the Golden Bear

1974 24th Berlin International Film Festival: “The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz” wins the Golden Bear

1990 Little Richard [Penniman] gets a star on Hollywood’s Walk Of Fame

1993 Revival of Lerner and Loewe’ musical “Camelot”, with Robert Goulet as King Arthur, opens at Gershwin Theater, NYC; runs for 56 performances

Today’s Historical Events in Music

1868 Wagner’s opera “Meistersinger von Nuernberg” premieres in Munich

1948 Columbia Records unveil the 33-1/3 rpm LP phonograph record invented by Peter Carl Goldmark, allowing up to 20 minutes per side (available in 10 and 12 inch diameters), at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, NYC; over the next decade the popularity and profitability of the LP pushed the 78 rpm out of production [1]

1951 “17” opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 180 performances

1955 Johnny Cash debuts Top 10 country song “Cry! Cry! Cry!”

1969 Dmitri Shostakovich‘s 14th Symphony premieres in Moscow

1969 Zager & Evans release “In the Year 2525”

1971 50,000 attend Celebration of Life, rock concert in McCrea, Louisiana; performers included Chuck Berry; Stephen Stills; WAR; John Sebastian; and Delaney and Bonnie

1975 Elton John, The Eagles and The Beach Boys play to 72,000 fans at Wembley Stadium, London

Today’s Historical Events in Sports

1858 Louisiana chess prodigy Paul Morphy arrives in Europe

1879 Infielder William White plays one game for the Providence Grays with conjecture was the first African-American to play MLB even though he appeared Caucasian

1900 Dodgers score 7 in top of 11th to go ahead of Phillies, 20-13, In bottom of 11th Phillies stalls so umpire forfeits game to Dodgers

1904 Boston Herald tells of Red Sox trade “Dougherty as a Yankee,” 1st known reference to NY club as Yankees (became Yankees in 1913)

1907 US Open Men’s Golf, Philadelphia Cricket Club: Alec Ross of Scotland posts 4 sub-80 rounds to win his only major title, 2 strokes ahead of runner-up Gilbert Nicholls

1907 British Open Men’s Golf, Royal Liverpool GC: Frenchman Arnaud Massy wins by 2 strokes from J.H. Taylor; first non-Briton to win Open Championship

1916 Boston Red Sox pitcher Rube Foster no-hits New York Yankees, 2-0 at Fenway Park

1932 German champion Max Schmeling loses NYSAC, NBA and lineal heavyweight boxing titles in controversial split points decision to American Jack Sharkey in NYC, New York

June 21 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 21

Analemma over Taipei

Image Credit & Copyright: Meiying Lee

Explanation: Does the Sun return to the same spot on the sky every day? No. A better and more visual answer to that question is an analemma, a composite of images taken at the same time and from the same place over the course of a year. The featured analemma was compiled at 4:30 pm many afternoons from Taiwan during 2021, with the city skyline of Taipei in the foreground, including tall Taipei 101. The Sun‘s location in December — at the December solstice — is shown on the far left, while its location at the June solstice is captured on the far right. Also shown are the positions of the Sun throughout the rest of the day on the solstices and equinoxes. Today is the June solstice of 2022, the day in Earth‘s northern hemisphere when the Sun spends the longest time in the sky. In many countries, today marks the official beginning of a new season, for example winter in Earth’s southern hemisphere.

Happy Yule Blessings

June 20 Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 June 20

Rock Fingers on Mars

Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS

Explanation: There, just right of center, what is that? The surface of Mars keeps revealing new surprises with the recent discovery of finger-like rock spires. The small nearly-vertical rock outcrops were imaged last month by the robotic Curiosity rover on Mars. Although similar in size and shape to small snakes, the leading explanation for their origin is as conglomerations of small minerals left by water flowing through rock crevices. After these relatively dense minerals filled the crevices, they were left behind when the surrounding rock eroded away. Famous rock outcrops on Earth with a similar origin are called hoodoos. NASA’s Curiosity Rover continues to search for new signs of ancient water in Gale Crater on Mars, while also providing a geologic background important for future human exploration.

Pagan and Magickal Terms and Definitions

Today’s Word is

Sabbat

From moonlitpriestess.com

Term for Wiccan holidays adopted by other Pagan and Witchcraft paths. In Wiccan tradition, Sabbats are solar festivals that usually honor the God and the changing of the seasons or Wheel of the Year. Eight sabbats are celebrated in a Wiccan year.

From Spells8.com

Each of the eight Wiccan holidays celebrated in a calendar year. The first sabbat is Yule and then comes Imbolc, Ostara, Beltane, Litha, Lammas, Mabon, and Samhain. These festivals are considered sacred days and it’s tradition to celebrate them in good company.