
The Witches Almanac for Monday, March 18
Sheila’s Day (Irish)
Waxing Moon
Moon Sign: Leo
Moon enters Virgo 9:41 pm
Moon phase: Second Quarter
Incense: Clary sage
Color: Ivory
Llewellyn’s 2019 Magical Almanac
Charlie Rainbow Wolf

Waxing Moon
Moon Sign: Leo
Moon enters Virgo 9:41 pm
Moon phase: Second Quarter
Incense: Clary sage
Color: Ivory
Llewellyn’s 2019 Magical Almanac
Charlie Rainbow Wolf

Think for a moment on all of the witchery, magick and enchantments that you have discovered. Don’t be afraid to adjust spells to suit your own specific needs. Any gentle, illusory, and dreamy charms and spells can be enhanced when you work on the day of the week that is dedicated to the moon. Mondays are a fantastic day to boost your psychic abilities and to tune in to your intuition and empathy. It also gives you the opportunity to work with a different lunar phase each and every Monday, which means in one month you could work four different types of moon magicks on Mondays. How’s that for adding to your repertoire? You are going to have mad skills in no time at all.
So light up those lunar scented candles and add a little mystique to your outfit by wearing an enchanting lunar color. Wear your sparkling silver jewelry and maybe add a pair of dangling silver earrings or a pendant shaped like a crescent moon. Create lunar potions and philters; make a dream catcher and give it as a gift to someone you love. Burn some sandalwood or jasmine-scented incense today to inspire the glamour and magick of the moon. Slice up a favorite variety of fruit that is in season for a snack or share it with your love and enjoy his or her lunar and romantic qualities. Brew up a cup of chamomile tea, enchant it with a little moon magick, and relax and get a good night’s sleep.
Most importantly, get outside tonight and watch the moon for a while. What phase is she in? What color was the moon as she rose? Why not start a journal and write down at what location the moon rises and sets for a few seasons? This is a great way to teach you to tune in and to become more aware of the moon and the influence that she pulls into our lives. Try calling on Selene for her magickal assistance, and call Thoth for wisdom and strength. Get to know the Norse Mani and the Latvian Meness. These gods of the moon have plenty to teach, and if you allow their influence to cycle through your life, you’ll receive many blessings. Be imaginative, and create your own personal lunar magick and witchery. Go on….the moonlight becomes you
Source
Book of Witchery: Spells, Charms & Correspondences for Every Day of the Week
Ellen Dugan

Monday is named after the moon. The Latin term for Monday is Dies Lunae (“moon’s day”); in the Old English language, this day was Monandaeg; in Greek, it was Hermera Selenes. All of these different names and languages translate to the same thing: the “day of the moon.”
Working with the different phases of the moon is an important skill that takes a bit of time for Witches to learn. So why not cut to the chase and experiment with the day of the week that is dedicated to the moon in all of its magickal energies and aspects?
Magickally, Monday encourages the lunar energies of inspiration, illusion, prophetic phetic dreams, emotions, psychic abilities, travel, women’s mysteries, and fertility.
Source
Book of Witchery: Spells, Charms & Correspondences for Every Day of the Week
Ellen Dugan

Perfume: White Poppy, White Rose, Wallflower
Incense: Myrtle
Wood: Willow
Color: Silver, Grey-white
Influences: Agriculture, Domestic, Longlife, Medicine, Travels, Visions, Theft (new moon)
Reference:
A Book of Pagan Rituals
Herman Slater

Monday – Is associated with the Moon
Colours – White, Silver, Grey and Pearl.
Monday is the best time to deal with such matters as: Psychic Pursuits, Psychology, Dreams, Astral Travel, Imagination, Women’s Mysteries, Reincarnation, Short Trips, Women, Children, Public, Domestic Concerns, Emotions, Fluids, Magick, Spirituality, Nursing, Full moon magic, Purity, Protection, Truth, Meditation, Peace, Sincerity, Justice, Warding off Doubts and Fears, Anything to do with Water and Bodies of Water, Antiques, Trip Planning, Household Activities, Initiation, Astrology, New-Age Pursuits, Archetypes, Totem Animals, Shape-shifting and Religious Experiences.

The number of days in the week has not always been 7 in all societies. The early Egyptians had a 10 day week, as did briefly the French Revolutionary Government two hundred years ago. An ancient calendar once used in Lithuania employed a 9 day week, whilst the Mayans of Central America used a complicated system including ‘weeks’ of 13 numbered days and ‘weeks’ of 20 named days. As recently as 1930, the Soviet Union toyed with the idea of a 5 day week.
The point about this is that a week – unlike a year (one complete revolution of the Earth around the Sun), or a day (one complete rotation of the Earth on its axis) – has no scientific basis; there is no astronomical event pertaining to a week, much less a week of 7 days.
However the number 7 did hold a sacred significance for many societies in which ritual was of great importance. The lunar month was approximately 28 days long (easily divisible into four quarters or phases of the moon, each of 7 days), and in the sky there were 7 traditionally identified planets. Both of these factors contributed at different times to the adoption and proliferation of the 7 day week as we shall see. Later on the 7 day creation myth of the burgeoning Christian religion cemented the length of the week in most Western civilisations,
It seems that ancient Babylon was possibly the first civilisation to divide the year in this way, and it seems it was the length of the lunar month which was most important to this society. The phases of the lunar cycle – New Moon, waxing half Moon, Full Moon, and waning Half Moon – were obvious visual signs which could be interpreted in a religious or astrological way. Certain activities and festivals became set by the phases of the Moon, and hence by the days of a 7 day week.
This was later adopted by the Greek and Roman Empires, and then the Christian religion. As Christian European nations developed empires throughout the world, so the 7 day week became the established norm.

Sheelah’s Day in Ireland, for Sheelah-Na-Gig, Goddess of Fertility, Sexuality, Birth. Other names are: Astarte, Baubo, Inanna, Demeter, Oshun, Erzulie, Gaia, Ceres, Rhiannon, Carmen, Venus, Ashtoreth, Tonantzin, Ishtar, Freya, and Aida Wedo (also June 4).
Luna, Selene, Diana, Re, Gealach, Ida, Artemis, the Witches, Yemaya, Erzulie Tuesday Soorejnaree, Pinga1la, Anna, Aine, Danu, Yngona.
Source
The Goddess Book of Days
Diane Stein

In ancient times, the Pagan fertility-goddess known as Sheela-na-gig was honored annually on this date in Ireland. With the advent of Christianity, the identity of the goddess was altered from heathen deity with oversized genitalia to the consort or mother of Saint Patrick.
On this day in the year 1877, psychic and “absent healer” Edgar Cayce (also known as the Sleeping Prophet) was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. He was renowned for his psychic visions and miraculous ability to accurately diagnose illnesses and prescribe remedies while in a self-induced trance. He prophesied the Second Coming of Christ in the year 1998, followed by cataclysmic changes of the planet. Edgar Cayce died on January 3, 1945.
The Wicca Book of Days
Gerina Dunwich

Ogham Letter: Fearne (F)
Symbolic Meaning: Release, Shield and Foundation, Determination, Discrimination and Inner Confidence, Healing, Protecting, Peaceful, Passionate Royalty
Ruling Planet: Mars
Ruling Elements: Fire & Water
The fourth moon in the calendar is ruled by the Alder tree. The Alder makes up a part of the birch family and is commonly found growing near wetlands, rivers and streams. It’s roots are able to improve the pH of the surrounding soil giving life back to poor soil conditions.
The cutting down of an Alder Tree was once a punishable act and it was believed if you felled one, the fairy that dwells within its branches would burn your house in revenge.
The tree has many magnical influences and was thought to help people to face up to things that may have been avoiding. It was also believed that it could take you the fairy realm. Alder can be used with spells to help with business and academia.
The bark from the Alder Tree was used to treat inflammation and the heated leaves were said to help with chronic skin conditions.
Alder Tree Zodiac
Those born under the Alder sign are straight to the point, they etch paths in the land for others to follow. They will always chase their dreams and work hard to reach their passions. They believe strongly in themselves and have a self confidence that others love to be around. They are energetic and do not tolerate time wasting. Alder signs can get on with almost anyone and are fun to be around, people often feel motivated to get up and do things when they are around.
Alder signs are compatible with Hawthorn, Oak and Birch.

Monday is the sacred day of the moon, personified as the goddesses Selene, Luna, and Mani. The moon is ruler of flow, affecting the changeable and impressionable aspects of people. If a full moon falls on a Monday, then the powers of the moon are at their most potent.
Deity: Mani
Zodiac Sign: Cancer
Planet: Moon
Tree: Willow
Herb: Chickweed
Stone: Agate
Animal: Crab
Element: Water
Color: Green
Rune: Lagu (L)
The Celtic Tree Month of Fearn (Alder) (March 18 – April 14)
The Runic Half Month Beore (March 14 – March 29)
Goddess of the Month for March – Moura (February 20 – March 19)
Source
The Pagan Book of Days
Nigel Pennick
The wheel has turned to our Goddess
Our lovely Maiden Goddess
Goddess Ostara
Who will return to us
Return to us
On Spring’s morning dawn
Return to us
When new life begins
Return to us
As the earth is reborn
Return to us
Wearing Her floral crown
and Her celestial gown
Return to us
The sun in the sky
with Her whispering sigh
The blossoming trees
that hold the birds of She
The beautiful butterflies
that fly thru Her sky
The blooming flowers
that spring from Her showers
Her soft green grass
that our bare feet will pass
As Ostara returns to us
Returns to us
On Spring’s morning dawn
Returns to us
When new life begins
Returns to us
As the earth is reborn
Returns to us
Wearing Her floral crown
and Her celestial gown
Ostara who will return to us
Return to us as this wheel turns on
Turns on past Spring’s morning dawn
–Savannah Skye, Author
Published on Pagan Library
Happy Irish Heritage Day, you say? Yes, Happy Irish Heritage Day to You & Yours! I am sure some of you who have been with us for a while, know we do not celebrate St. Patrick’s Day. Instead, we celebrate Irish Heritage Day. Why? It is out of reverence to our brothers & sisters of the Druid Tradition. It is a long drawn out story about the history & actions surrounding St. Patrick. He was kidnapped as a young boy, supposedly by the Irish, and enslaved. Later on when he was freed, he went to the Church and was ordained as a priest. This is just my opinion from now on out and I have had other Pagans agree with me. Patrick then returned to the Emerald Isle to cleanse the land of Pagans and Druids, mostly Druids. He tried to wipe the Druid Religion off the face of the planet. You remember hearing about Patrick cleared Ireland of all the snakes it had? Those snakes he was clearing out were Druids but he also took a strong stance on Pagans as well. Anyone who wasn’t of his faith, had to go.
As customary in that time, if you didn’t convert, you were hunted down and killed. He slaughtered thousands of Druids and Pagans in his crusade to clear Ireland of “the snakes.” He almost succeeded in his quest to wipe the Druids off the planet. He was especially after the Druid high-archery, the Priests in other words. They were the leaders of the Druids and Patrick decided if he wipe out the head of the snake, he would wipe out the Religion. A large group of the Druids did hide and go underground during this massacre. Some even converted just to stay alive but secretly practiced Druidism. If they hadn’t, their religion would have been lost. Sounds familiar doesn’t it? I know several Druids myself and I consider them part of our Pagan family. Out of respect for them, we do not celebrate St. Patrick’s Day. Instead we celebrate “Irish Heritage Day.” We will not give honor to any man who persecuted, hunted and killed our fellow brothers & sisters. Again, my personal opinion, if we pay homage to St. Patrick, then it would be the same as honoring those who persecuted, hunted and killed so many of us back in the 1600’s. We learn from the past so we are not doomed to repeat the mistakes of the past. So there you have it, that is why we don’t celebrate St. Patrick’s Day!
Now after my sermon on St. Patrick, something I have been debating on long and hard for the past few days. We are currently in Troy, Tennessee. Eleanor and Lord M thought it would be a good idea for us to get out of town and for me to clear my head. At first I wasn’t sure I even wanted to approach the subject of what I had been through during the past week. But there seems to be some confusion and I believe it is now time to clear the entire matter up. Whatever you think of me after I tell you my side of the story is completely up to you. I know my son made a post that I had been arrested and that is true. I was arrested for using excessive force to defend myself. At the time of my arrest, the police did not know what had transpired. My attacker and myself were both arrested.
I did not want it known that I had been arrested. I have never been in trouble with the law and to me it was shameful that I was arrested. I still feel ashamed of what happened that day but I was only defending myself. I was grabbed by the neck and thought I was going to pass out. I took my nails and sunk them into my attacker’s hand. I started to get up and leave, I was forcefully grabbed and thrown back into a rolling office chair. The chair hit the desk and I was in immediate pain. After that I have no idea what happened. I don’t know if I lost my mind or blacked out. Anyway, when the police arrived, they pulled me off of my attacker. This man is not a small man, he probably weighs at least 250 and stocky as a bull. How I managed to get on top of him, I don’t know. I guess it was just blind fury with a little help from above. Back to the story, when the police pulled me off of him, I couldn’t believe what I saw or what I did. I almost took one of his eyes out and his cheeks and down his face were deep, deep scars from my fingernails. I almost ripped his face off. In fact, they told me I had embedded on of my nails in his face. After my hands were clean, I saw that was true. I embedded my pinkie nail, all the way to the cuticle in his face. I was wondering why my finger hurt like hell. When the police arrived, all they saw was a wild animal (me) brutally attacking this poor man on the floor. So I was immediately pulled off of him and cuffed.
When I finally came back to my senses and this world, I was able to tell them what had happened. They also arrested him and took him to the hospital to have his face sewn up. Seems strange a woman gets attacked and she ends up getting arrested but they told me it was only till they figured out what happened. All I can say is money talks. He went before the judge and he was immediately released. I went before the judge (who happens to be good friends with my attacker) and, now get this, never having a criminal record, my bond was set at $5000. My lawyer was dumb founded as well as I was. He pleaded and argued with the judge over my bond. It did no good. Come up with $5000 or stay there till you rot apparently. I had already made my mind up that I was doomed to be in jail till hell froze over. $5000, gee whiz, we don’t have that kind of money. But all the ladies and everyone here pulled together and come up with a substantial amount, plus I had several individuals here donate (Lady Beltane, Aimee, Marcia & Barbara, thank you very, very much ladies) to getting the Jailbird out. Then what we were short, my lawyer made up the difference.
Now you have the entire story and the truth. My lawyer told me that we have enough evidence that if it does go to trial that we will be able to prove that he attacked me. He made sure that the hand print that was on my neck and shoulder was photographed. Yeah, I have one hell of a thumb print on my the front of my throat and down on my shoulder. I also have a hand-print on my face from where I was slapped. I have a broken rib from hitting the desk so hard plus my arm looks like it has been beaten with a hammer. My lawyer made sure he grabbed my shirt before it could disappear. It was a brand new shirt and now it is a rag. How it got ripped I don’t know. It must have happened while I was blacked out. What force possessed me while I was blacked out, I don’t know. All I know it was an entity full of rage and anger, that is the only way I can explain it. Maybe it was just my survivor mode kicking it but to knock him on the floor and do what I done to his face, I seriously doubt it.
So that is the entire story. Think what you want of me, I am not proud of being arrested. I was defending myself from a sexual assault. I did not want it to be known that I had been arrested. But a panicked young boy told the world because he was scarred he would never see his mother again. I can’t fault him for that. The whole entire incidence, I am very ashamed of. I have talked to Lady Beltane, Eleanor and Lynette about it. All of them told me I had nothing to feel ashamed about. But still it is hard right now to hold my head up because of the shame I feel. I know eventually it will pass or at least I hope it will. I was concerned what people would think and all of those who I spoke to told me, “if they are truly your friends they will understand and support you, if not, let them go because they were never truly your friends to start with.”
I am not proud of what I did but I have come to realize, I was fighting for my life. If I hadn’t fought back, no telling what would have happened. I am slowly coming to terms with the whole entire mess. Everyone packed my happy ass up and brought me down here was right, I did need a few days away from home. I have started to clear my head and deal with what happened. The hardest part is that I keep seeing his face afterwards. I would never hurt a fly and what I did to his face, I just can’t believe it. I guess when we are in a fight for your live or your virtue, that survivor mode kicks in and takes over.
Think of me, what you will. But I sincerely hope you think of me as your sister once again. Like I said I am not proud of what I did and I didn’t want anyone to know. But since it is out there, you might as well know what really happened. We are going to spend the rest of the day in Troy and will be back tomorrow. I have been told I need to try to get back to a normal life. So I am going to sink myself into our work tomorrow and hopefully I will eventually put this in the past. One of the conditions of getting out of jail was that I never leave the office again. Right now, I think that is a wonderful idea. Home sweet home, how good the thought of that sounds. Jail life sucks, I can tell you that. Also my lawyer is negotiating with my attacker’s lawyer and he knows if we do go to court, that I will be proven innocent after all the facts come out. My lawyer is a wonderful friend, I still have to pay him back for the bail he put up for me. So if you would like to buy an item or two from the store or make a donation to help me pay back my lawyer, it would be deeply appreciated.
Now that I wrote a book, I want to thank the dear ladies who donated to getting the jailbird out once again. It was a combined effort to get me out of jail and I appreciate everyone of you who donated to that cause. My main point in telling you all of this is because I don’t want to lose your respect, your love and most of all your support. With that I will finish and we will be back in Kentucky sometime this evening and tomorrow, we will start a brand new day.
Thank you again and Happy Irish Heritage Day!
Lady of the Abyss
Spider Woman is an important goddess among many south-western Native American tribes. Though occasionally destructive, she is nearly always portrayed as a beneficent, The Keresan Spider Woman created everything there is by thinking, dreaming, or naming; she taught the people how to plant seeds. Cherokee Grandmother spider brought people the sun and fire; she taught them pottery, weaving,m and how to make ceremonial blessings. Spider Woman is responsible for bringing fire among the Pueblo, Tewa, and Kiwa tribes. A spider woman named Bliku, found in the Indian subcontinent, also brought fire and light. For the Hopi, Spider Woman is a creator who helped people during their emergence, created the moon, has the power to give and take life, and is connected to hunting and agriculture.
SPider WOman is a reminder that good comes from everywhere. Even the lowly spider, sometimes dismissed as irrelevant, has the power to create and teach
First of all, we had some severe storms come through here Saturday. It took out our internet service till sometime during the night. They weren’t suppose to have it fixed to today. I guess we got lucky. It never fails every time a storm comes through here, we lose some either power or internet. But it is back up and running for the time being. Keyword “time being.”
As far as the new site goes, it is coming right along. I never knew there was so much to opening one of these kinds of sites. I am going to stop by our lawyer’s office today while I am out. I want the new site to be a non-profit, tax-exempt site. That way if you give to any of the causes we pick up, you can deduct it from your taxes. I have already fought my way through a Terms of Use policy and a Privacy policy and they made my head swim. I went to the IRS site and I was just like, “ahhhhhh!” You fill out this form, then you go on and read, no it is this form. So to make sure I get it all right, I am going to the lawyer and let him help us out on that one. He is a good friend so he won’t charge anything for that.
Next, I have two job interviews today. Both of them are with friends who have been trying to get me to come to work for them for a while. I called them and they are both still interested in hiring me. I guess it depends on which one I see first, which job I get first. It is a stone cold fact, that the WOTC, our new site, my family and I cannot survive on the check I draw each money. So it is high time I get my rump out the door and return to the work force. At least with a paycheck coming in, we can keep everything going and we can accomplish everything we want too. Both of these individuals are good friends, not like family that I use to work for. In other words when I worked for family, I could do what I wanted too. Friends, I am not so sure about. But anyway the money is needed all the way around, so world here I come. Keep your broom straws crossed for me, lol!
I wanted to give you a quick up-date on everything. We will not be on today but will definitely be back tomorrow. Till then, my dear sweet family….
Luv & Hugs,
Lady of the Abyss

It’s a popular myth that Daylight Saving Time is for farmers—a myth that some of us were taught in schools. This practice—which only became regular in 1966 (which may also surprise you!)—was challenged by farmers and is increasingly being challenged by modern society. Last month, Europeans changed their clocks back to standard time, possibly for the last time. Some states have also questioned the practice. Read on …
When I grew up in the 1970s, I remember Daylight Saving Time (DST) being popular. The government and schools seemed to promote it as a positive and beneficial force. When the clocks moved forward an hour in March, my mother would get a grumpy me out of bed and say, “Look! All you kids have more time after school to play outside!” (As I consider my son’s 7th grade class, I ruefully think that this was a time when more kids played outside.)
Interestingly, DST wasn’t a regular “thing” until April 12, 1966 when President Johnson signed it into law. The Uniform Time Act established a system of uniform (within each time zone) Daylight Saving Time throughout the U.S. and its possessions. States were allowed to opt out (and some did).
Before then, DST was briefly used during World War I and World War II to conserve fuel—and then there was a short stint during the oil crisis of the early 1970’s under Nixon. (Read more about the checkered history of Daylight Saving Time.)
The myth is strong with this one. DST has nothing to do with farming. In fact, farmers have often been the strongest lobby against the change. Farmers didn’t like DST when it was first introduced and don’t like it to this day.
During the first World War I experiment in 1918, farmers were extremely opposed to having to turn back and forward their clocks. Not surprisingly, it disrupted their schedules and made it more difficult to get the most out of hired help.
Imagine telling a dairy cow used to being milked at 5 A.M. that their milking time needs to move back an hour before the milk truck is coming to do a pickup. For the farmer—and the plants and animals—it’s the sun and the seasons that determine the best times to do things.
After the war ended in 1918, the DST law (which lasted 7 months) proved so unpopular with our agrarian society, the federal law was repealed (in 1919). Some state and localities continued the observance.
In the early 1960s, observance of DST was quite inconsistent across U.S. states. Businesses and transportation companies pushed for standardization. The farmers, however, were opposed to it.
In 1986, DST began at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday of April and ended at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday of October.
Beginning in 2007, Congress extended DST with the assumption that energy consumption would be reduced.
In the United States—as well as Canada—Daylight Saving Time:
Some constituencies profit from changing our clocks.
Does DST really conserve energy? According to Congress, this is the main reason for the switch. When the Energy Policy Act extended the hours in 2007, Congress retained the right to revert back should the change prove unpopular or if energy savings are not significant.
Today, as modern society marches forward, the energy argument may become obsolete. In terms of work, we’re not really a 9 to 5 society any more. Factories have different shifts. Office workers use the internet. Farmers will use daylight hours, no matter what. At home, our electricity demand is no longer based on sunrises and sunsets. We drive instead of walking which means daylight saving actually increase gasoline.
It’s quite possible we are now wasting energy.
And with computers, TV screens, and air conditioning using more energy, more Americans find switching clocks increasingly unpopular.
Energy isn’t the only thing to be considered. What about our health? Polls show that the switch between Daylight Saving Time and Standard Time each year is miserable for most humans.
Clocks are man-made. Changing the time disrupts our body clocks or circadian rhythm. For most people, the resulting tiredness is more of an inconvenience twice a year. For many folks, however, it’s a more serious issue.
You could argue it’s better for school children (not going to school in the dark); however, I’d disagree.
Congress allowed states to opt out of Daylight Saving Time—though they they did not allow states to make daylight saving permanent. Either option would mean no clock changes.
As history tends to repeat itself, this issue of time zone coordination across the country is a clearly a factor.
This brings us to our European contemporaries. They also practice Daylight Saving Time. For most of Europe, DST:
However, Europe recently proposed ENDING the clock-changing. This past September (2018), the European Commission proposed scrapping DST altogether for ALL of the European Union. That’s 28 member countries! If approved, the last EU-wide clock change would be on Sunday, March 31, 2019. (In reality, it will take some time for this legislation to get approved.)
Other countries have ended DST. Argentina stopped daylight saving in 2009. Russia ended its daylight saving in 2014. Turkey ended DST permanently in 2016.
Just as is the case with North Americans, the EU population overwhelming wants to abolish DST. A poll was conducted in which 80% were in favor of eliminating it.
The head of the European Commission, which drafted the directive to end DST, said, “It would be pointless to ask for people’s opinions and not act on it if you don’t agree with them.”
I find it interesting that the Europeans—who first started DST (with North America following)—are now proposing the end of moving clocks twice a year.

When does Daylight Saving Time 2019 begin and end? Find dates here—as well as the history of Daylight Saving Time, which highlights the seemingly endless debate about saving daylight and changing our clocks.
The Old Farmer’s Almanac (around since the beginning of time or, at least, Benjamin Franklin’s day) answers your frequent questions …
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of moving the clocks forward one hour from Standard Time for the summer months, and changing them back again in the fall. The general idea is that this allows us all to make better use of natural daylight. However, DST has many detractors.
Note that the term is “Daylight Saving Time” and not “Daylight Savings Time” with an “s” at the end of “Saving.” (The word “saving” is singular because it acts as part of an adjective rather than a verb.)
To remember which way to set their clocks, folks often use the expression, “Spring forward, fall back.”
DST begins on Sunday, March 10, 2019, at 2:00 A.M. Remember to “spring forward” in the spring and set your clocks forward one hour (i.e., losing one hour).
DST ends on Sunday, November 3, 2019, at 2:00 A.M. At this time, we “fall back” in the fall by setting clocks back one hour (i.e., gaining one hour).
Note: Since the time changes at 2:00 A.M., we generally change our clocks at Saturday bedtime.
(The exceptions to DST are Arizona, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.)
| Year | Daylight Saving Time Begins | Daylight Saving Time Ends |
| 2019 | Sunday, March 10 at 2:00 A.M. | Sunday, November 3 at 2:00 A.M. |
| 2020 | Sunday, March 8 at 2:00 A.M. | Sunday, November 1 at 2:00 A.M. |
| 2021 | Sunday, March 14 at 2:00 A.M. | Sunday, November 7 at 2:00 A.M. |
Does changing the clocks really provide benefits? We’ll let you be the judge.
Benjamin Franklin’s “An Economical Project,” written in 1784, is the earliest known proposal to “save” daylight. It was whimsical in tone, advocating laws to compel citizens to rise at the crack of dawn to save the expense of candlelight:
“Every morning, as soon as the Sun rises, let all the bells in every church be set ringing: and if that is not sufficient, let cannon be fired in every street to wake the sluggards effectually… . Oblige a man to rise at four in the morning, and it is probable that he will go willingly to bed at eight in the evening.”
The first true proponent of Daylight Saving Time was an Englishman named William Willet. A London builder, he conceived the idea while riding his horse early one morning in 1907. He noticed that the shutters of houses were tightly closed even though the Sun had risen. In “The Waste of Daylight,” the manifesto of his personal light-saving campaign, Willet wrote, “Everyone appreciates the long, light evenings. Everyone laments their shrinkage as the days grow shorter; and nearly everyone has given utterance to a regret that the nearly clear, bright light of an early morning during Spring and Summer months is so seldom seen or used… . That so many as 210 hours of daylight are, to all intents and purposes, wasted every year is a defect in our civilization. Let England recognise and remedy it.”
Willet spent a small fortune lobbying businessmen, members of Parliament, and the U.S. Congress to put clocks ahead 20 minutes on each of the four Sundays in April, and reverse the process on consecutive Sundays in September. But his proposal was met mostly with ridicule. One community opposed it on moral grounds, calling the practice the sin of “lying” about true time.
Attitudes changed after World War I broke out. The government and citizenry recognized the need to conserve coal used for heating homes. The Germans were the first to officially adopt the light-extending system in 1915, as a fuel-saving measure during World War I. This led to the introduction in 1916 of British Summer Time: From May 21 to October 1, clocks in Britain were put an hour ahead.
The United States followed in 1918, when Congress passed the Standard Time Act, which established the time zones. However, this was amidst great public opposition. A U.S. government Congressional Committee was formed to investigate the benefits of Daylight Saving Time. Many Americans viewed the practice as an absurd attempt to make late sleepers get up early. Others thought that it was unnatural to follow “clock time” instead of “Sun time.” A columnist in the Saturday Evening Postoffered this alternative: “Why not ‘save summer’ by having June begin at the end of February?”
The matter took on new meaning in April 1917, when President Woodrow Wilson declared war. Suddenly, energy conservation was of paramount importance, and several efforts were launched to enlist public support for changing the clocks. A group called the National Daylight Saving Convention distributed postcards showing Uncle Sam holding a garden hoe and rifle, turning back the hands of a huge pocket watch. Voters were asked to sign and mail to their congressman postcards that declared, “If I have more daylight, I can work longer for my country. We need every hour of light.” Manhattan’s borough president testified to Congress that the extra hour of light would be a boon to home gardening, and therefore increase the Allies’ food supply. Posters chided, “Uncle Sam, your enemies have been up and are at work in the extra hour of daylight—when will YOU wake up?”
With public opinion in its favor, Congress officially declared that all clocks would be moved ahead one hour at 2:00 A.M. on March 31, 1918. (Canada adopted a similar policy later the same year.) Americans were encouraged to turn off their lights and go to bed earlier than they normally did—at around 8:00 P.M.
Many Americans wrongly point to farmers as the driving force behind Daylight Saving Time. In fact, farmers were its strongest opponents and, as a group, stubbornly resisted the change from the beginning.
When the war was over, the farmers and working-class people who had held their tongues began to speak out. They demanded an end to Daylight Saving Time, claiming that it benefited only office workers and the leisure class. The controversy put a spotlight on the growing gap between rural and urban dwellers. As a writer for the Literary Digest put it, “The farmer objects to doing his early chores in the dark merely so that his city brother, who is sound asleep at the time, may enjoy a daylight motor ride at eight in the evening.”
The Daylight Saving Time experiment lasted only until 1920, when the law was repealed due to opposition from dairy farmers (cows don’t pay attention to clocks). No fewer than 28 bills to repeal Daylight Saving Time had been introduced to Congress, and the law was removed from the books. American had tolerated Daylight Saving Time for about seven months.
The subject did not come up again until after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, and the United States was once again at war.
During World War II, Daylight Saving Time was imposed once again (this time year-round) to save fuel. Clocks were set one hour ahead to save energy.
After the war (which concluded with Japan’s final surrender on September 2, 1945), Daylight Saving Time started being used on and off in different states, beginning and ending on days of their choosing.
Inconsistent adherence to time zones among the states created considerable confusion with interstate bus and train service. To remedy the situation, Congress passed the Uniform Time Act in 1966, establishing consistent use of Daylight Saving Time within the United States: Clocks were to be set ahead one hour on the last Sunday in April and one hour back on the last Sunday in October.
That was the rule, but some state legislatures took exception via a loophole that had been built into the law. Residents of Hawaii and most of Arizona did not change their clocks. Residents of Indiana, which straddles the Eastern and Central time zones, were sharply divided on Daylight Saving Time: Some counties employed it, some did not.
In 1986, the U.S. Congress approved a bill to increase the period of Daylight Saving Time, moving the start to the first Sunday in April. The goal was to conserve oil used for generating electricity—an estimated 300,000 barrels annually. Still, some resistance remained:
Neither of these proposed changes came to pass.
The current daylight saving period was established with the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which went into effect in 2007. As a result, most Americans now spring forward (turn clocks ahead and lose an hour) on the second Sunday in March (at 2:00 A.M.) and fall back (turn clocks back and gain an hour) on the first Sunday in November (at 2:00 A.M.).
However, even today, farmers’ organizations lobby Congress against the practice, preferring early daylight to dry their fields and a Standard Time sunset for ending their work at a reasonable hour. Some farmers point out that the Daylight Saving Time is deceptively misnamed. “It is a gimmick that changes the relationship between ‘Sun’ time and ‘clock’ time but saves neither time nor daylight,” says Katherine Dutro, spokesperson for the Indiana Farm Bureau.
Most of Canada is on Daylight Saving Time; only portions of Saskatchewan and small pockets of British Columbia remain on Standard Time year-round. However, the practice has its detractors. In the words of a current-day Canadian poultry producer, “The chickens do not adapt to the changed clock until several weeks have gone by, so the first week of April and the last week of October are very frustrating for us.” Similarly, one Canadian researcher likened an increase in traffic accidents to the onset of Daylight Saving Time. Other experts insist that the extra hour of daylight reduces crime.

This weekend brings the long-awaited start of Daylight Saving Time, which suddenly fills our evenings with brightness. The way our clocks “spring ahead” is a strange business.
DST begins on Sunday, March 10, 2019, at 2:00 A.M. We are told to “spring forward” in the spring and set our clocks forward one hour (i.e., losing one hour).
It means that this Saturday night, you cannot have an appointment with anybody at 2:30 AM because that simply does not exist. Or, you could boast that in solidarity for World Peace, you will remain balanced on one leg from 1:59 until 3:01 AM. Mr. Spock and other logic-loving Vulcans still might not be too enthusiastic, for the way our clocks “spring ahead” is downright illogical.
It didn’t have to be; In fact Daylight Time starts off being a wonderfully sensible idea.
In a nutshell, we modify our clocks so that an hour of brightness that would fall in the generally unusable realm of five in the morning gets transferred to a time when we’re all awake.
But being human we apparently found it impossible to make the project fully rational, so we’ve added a wild, screwy twist.
It used to be worse. Before 1986, Daylight Time began even later, on the last Sunday in April, which made even less sense. Alternatively, one might opt out of the whole thing, the way Arizona and Hawaii do. And Africa. And most of Asia. Or one could keep fooling around with it, the way Russia did when it had year-round Daylight time until 2014, and then switched to year-round standard time.
Odds are, no one’s finished screwing with this.
Welcome to “This Week’s Amazing Sky,” the Almanac’s hub for everything stargazing and astronomy. Bob Berman, longtime and famous astronomer for The Old Farmer’s Almanac, will help bring alive the wonders of our universe. From the beautiful stars and planets to magical auroras and eclipses, he covers everything under the Sun (and Moon)! Bob, the world’s mostly widely read astronomer, also has a new weekly podcast, Astounding Universe!
Published on The Old Farmer’s Almanac

Items needed: One green votive candle and holder; fresh flowers; patchouli incense.
Place all the required items on a table or altar covered with a green cloth. Light the incense. Take a few moments to meditate on the Goddess Gaia, your connection to her, and the earth. In your own words, ask the Goddess to bless and protect you and your family. Light the candle and place it in front of the flowers as you recite the blessing:
To your heavenly vault I lift my eyes,
My hopes fears at your feet are laid.
For you who built the earth and skies,
Shall keep me strong and unafraid.
Leave the candle to burn out. Place the flowers in the main room of your home as a reminder of the power and potential of the Goddess.
–-Celebrating Wiccan Spirituality: Spells, Sacred Rites, and Folklore for Each Day of the Year
Lady Sabrina

On this day in China, the Goddess Hu Tu is honored as Mother Earth with parades, fireworks, and feasting. Offerings of flowers, coins, and incense are placed in small holes in the ground, blessed, and then covered with soil to bring prosperity and good fortune to the community. Dating back to the Sung dynasty, the celebration pays homage to the ground itself in the form of the great Goddess of productivity, fertility, and the elements of wind and rain. In many ways this commemoration ration of the earth resembles our own Earth Day that honors the spirit of Gaia.
—Celebrating Wiccan Spirituality: Spells, Sacred Rites, and Folklore for Each Day of the Year
Lady Sabrina
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